test: add real-paper trace vs expectations regression harness with fixtures

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Research Assistant 2026-06-13 19:27:38 +08:00
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6 changed files with 1290 additions and 24 deletions

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page,block_id,raw_label,content_preview,bbox,role,role_confidence,evidence,seed_role,seed_confidence,zone,style_family,marker_type,render_default,index_default
1,0,number,268,"[113, 68, 146, 87]",noise,0.9,page number label,noise,0.9,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,short_fragment,False,False
1,1,header,Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1994; 53: 268275,"[740, 66, 1108, 88]",noise,0.9,header label,noise,0.9,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,False,False
1,2,paragraph_title,REVIEW,"[112, 135, 218, 162]",unknown_structural,0.7,unnumbered paragraph_title in title zone on page 1: REVIEW,paper_title,0.7,frontmatter_main_zone,heading_like,short_fragment,False,True
1,3,doc_title,Quantitative radiography of osteoarthritis,"[315, 202, 963, 242]",unknown_structural,0.6,page-1 frontmatter title guard: Quantitative radiography of osteoarthritis,paper_title,0.6,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,False,True
1,4,text,J C Buckland-Wright,"[312, 289, 504, 315]",unknown_structural,0.3,"short text, uncertain role",unknown_structural,0.3,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,short_fragment,False,True
1,5,footer,"Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas's Hos","[112, 1346, 298, 1493]",noise,0.9,footer label,noise,0.9,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,False,False
1,6,text,Radiography is important in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) as the features described in the pa,"[313, 357, 706, 916]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,frontmatter_main_zone,body_like,none,True,True
1,7,text,"Scoring systems, although an essential and widely used method for assessing disease progression, suf","[313, 916, 706, 1383]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,frontmatter_main_zone,body_like,none,True,True
1,8,footnote,"Correspondence to: Dr J C Buckland-Wright, Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UMDS, Guy's Hospita","[114, 1496, 275, 1610]",frontmatter_noise,0.8,"page-1 zone journal_furniture_zone: Correspondence to:
Dr J C Buckland-Wright,
Division of Anato",frontmatter_noise,0.8,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,False,False
1,9,text,Quantitative assessments of the structural changes in peripheral joints with OA are based on measure,"[314, 1382, 706, 1610]",frontmatter_noise,0.8,page-1 zone journal_furniture_zone: Quantitative assessments of the structural changes in periph,frontmatter_noise,0.8,frontmatter_main_zone,body_like,none,False,False
1,10,text,,"[718, 358, 1112, 662]",unknown_structural,0.3,"short text, uncertain role",unknown_structural,0.3,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,empty,False,True
1,11,paragraph_title,Standard radiography,"[720, 700, 932, 722]",unknown_structural,0.5,unnumbered paragraph_title on page 1 outside title zone: Standard radiography,section_heading,0.5,frontmatter_main_zone,heading_like,none,False,True
1,12,text,The radiographic image is a shadow of the differential absorption of x rays by the tissues of the jo,"[718, 722, 1112, 851]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,True,True
1,13,text,"Advantages Standard radiography is simple, cheap, easily accessible and well understood. The radiogr","[719, 850, 1112, 1022]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,True,True
1,14,text,Limitations The relatively large size of the x ray source of standard x ray tubes (usually 1 mm and ,"[719, 1022, 1112, 1298]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,True,True
1,15,text,Apart from those investigators who have developed special stereotaxic devices for examining leg alig,"[719, 1298, 1114, 1609]",frontmatter_noise,0.8,page-1 zone journal_furniture_zone: Apart from those investigators who have developed special st,frontmatter_noise,0.8,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,False,False
2,0,header,Quantitative radiography of OA,"[88, 62, 310, 84]",noise,0.9,header label,noise,0.9,frontmatter_side_zone,support_like,none,False,False
2,1,number,269,"[1057, 61, 1089, 79]",noise,0.9,page number label,noise,0.9,frontmatter_side_zone,support_like,short_fragment,False,False
2,2,image,,"[294, 111, 1087, 755]",media_asset,0.85,media label: image,media_asset,0.85,body_zone,body_like,empty,True,True
2,3,figure_title,Figure 1 Standard radiographic appearance of osteoarthritic knee joints showing different degrees of,"[287, 770, 1088, 842]",figure_caption_candidate,0.92,figure_title label: Figure 1 Standard radiographic appearance of osteoarthritic ,figure_caption,0.92,display_zone,legend_like,figure_number,False,False
2,4,text,reliable assessment of joint space loss. The absence of any standards in the radio-anatomical positi,"[288, 867, 685, 1613]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
2,5,text,"but more often than not the plane of measurement is never defined. Further, no account is taken of t","[694, 866, 1092, 1364]",frontmatter_noise,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; frontmatter_side_zone excluded from body flow,frontmatter_noise,0.6,frontmatter_side_zone,support_like,none,False,False
2,6,paragraph_title,Quantitative standard radiography,"[697, 1402, 1027, 1423]",subsection_heading,0.6,"unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: Quantitative standard radiography",subsection_heading,0.6,body_zone,heading_like,none,True,True
2,7,text,Quantitative standard radiography has been applied primarily to joint space width (JSW) measurements,"[696, 1421, 1092, 1613]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
3,0,number,270,"[116, 66, 149, 86]",noise,0.9,page number label,noise,0.9,body_zone,body_like,short_fragment,False,False
3,1,header,Buckland-Wright,"[992, 68, 1112, 89]",noise,0.9,header label,noise,0.9,body_zone,body_like,short_fragment,False,False
3,2,text,standardisation of the position of the hip and knee and reproducible repositioning of the joints on ,"[315, 124, 708, 381]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
3,3,text,"In the former, Martel's group at Michigan University, undertook to define the precision of hyaline c","[314, 380, 708, 1237]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
3,4,text,The development of microcomputers and image analysis technique has provided the means of obtaining a,"[313, 1237, 707, 1613]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
3,5,text,,"[719, 126, 1116, 728]",unknown_structural,0.3,"short text, uncertain role",unknown_structural,0.3,body_zone,body_like,empty,False,True
3,6,paragraph_title,Microfocal radiography,"[722, 766, 948, 789]",subsection_heading,0.6,"unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: Microfocal radiography",subsection_heading,0.6,body_zone,heading_like,none,True,True
3,7,text,Microfocal x ray units are characterised by an extremely small x ray source (<15 µm in diameter) whi,"[720, 788, 1113, 1025]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
3,8,text,Advantages of microfocal radiography are those characteristic of an extremely small x ray source. La,"[719, 1027, 1114, 1611]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
4,0,header,Quantitative radiography of OA,"[91, 62, 312, 85]",noise,0.9,header label,noise,0.9,body_zone,body_like,none,False,False
4,1,number,271,"[1059, 58, 1090, 77]",noise,0.9,page number label,noise,0.9,body_zone,body_like,short_fragment,False,False
4,2,image,,"[95, 114, 677, 425]",media_asset,0.85,media label: image,media_asset,0.85,body_zone,unknown_like,empty,True,True
4,3,image,,"[95, 433, 681, 736]",media_asset,0.85,media label: image,media_asset,0.85,body_zone,body_like,empty,True,True
4,4,figure_title,Figure 2 Part of the macroradiographs of osteoarthritic knee joints with medial compartment involvem,"[92, 753, 681, 840]",figure_caption_candidate,0.92,figure_title label: Figure 2 Part of the macroradiographs of osteoarthritic knee,figure_caption,0.92,display_zone,legend_like,figure_number,False,False
4,5,text,"resolution, makes it possible to detect structural detail virtually at the histological level $ ^{34","[295, 865, 687, 973]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
4,6,text,Limitations are also a function of the small x ray source size. The smallness of the source limits t,"[295, 972, 688, 1122]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
4,7,text,Care and accuracy are needed in positioning the patient in relation to the source. This requires spe,"[295, 1121, 689, 1380]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
4,8,paragraph_title,Standardisation of macroradiographic procedure,"[296, 1417, 656, 1459]",subsection_heading,0.6,"unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: Standardisation of macroradiographic procedure",subsection_heading,0.6,body_zone,heading_like,none,True,True
4,9,text,Stereotaxic devices are used to position each patient accurately and reproducibly. The centre of the,"[295, 1459, 689, 1607]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
4,10,text,,"[698, 113, 1095, 588]",unknown_structural,0.3,"short text, uncertain role",unknown_structural,0.3,body_zone,body_like,empty,False,True
4,11,text,The anatomical sites within the macroradiograph used in defining the boundaries for the measurement ,"[700, 586, 1094, 757]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
4,12,text,Femur: the distal convex margin of the condyle (fig 2).,"[703, 758, 1093, 800]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
4,13,text,"Tibia, medial compartment: a line extending from near the tibial spine to the medial or outer margin","[701, 800, 1096, 1249]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
4,14,text,A detailed description of the method of measuring radiographic features and the accuracy in recordin,"[701, 1248, 1098, 1607]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
5,0,number,272,"[114, 59, 147, 78]",noise,0.9,page number label,noise,0.9,body_zone,body_like,short_fragment,False,False
5,1,header,Buckland-Wright,"[989, 61, 1109, 82]",noise,0.9,header label,noise,0.9,body_zone,body_like,short_fragment,False,False
5,2,paragraph_title,Quantitative microfocal radiography,"[314, 116, 658, 139]",subsection_heading,0.6,"unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: Quantitative microfocal radiography",subsection_heading,0.6,body_zone,heading_like,none,True,True
5,3,text,Measurement of the radiographic features of OA of the hand and their change over an 18 month study p,"[313, 139, 706, 548]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
5,4,paragraph_title,Joint space width,"[313, 585, 480, 607]",subsection_heading,0.6,"unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: Joint space width",subsection_heading,0.6,body_zone,heading_like,short_fragment,True,True
5,5,text,Joint space narrowing is considered the most important radiological feature of OA but its accuracy i,"[311, 608, 706, 906]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
5,6,text,"In patients with early, but definite OA of the hand, JSW measurements showed that 56% of the patient","[313, 906, 706, 1058]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
5,7,text,,"[717, 117, 1112, 419]",unknown_structural,0.3,"short text, uncertain role",unknown_structural,0.3,body_zone,body_like,empty,False,True
5,8,paragraph_title,"Relationship between changes in joint space, subchondral sclerosis and osteophytes","[717, 456, 1072, 521]",subsection_heading,0.6,"unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: Relationship between changes in joint space, subchondral scl",subsection_heading,0.6,body_zone,heading_like,none,True,True
5,9,text,The results of the studies of OA of the hand $ ^{38} $ and knee $ ^{45} $ showed that the extent of ,"[717, 521, 1114, 1059]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
5,10,image,,"[324, 1090, 1102, 1539]",media_asset,0.85,media label: image,media_asset,0.85,body_zone,unknown_like,empty,True,True
5,11,figure_title,"Figure 3 Part of a macroradiograph of the metacarpo-phalangeal joints of a patient with hand OA, sho","[316, 1548, 1053, 1601]",figure_caption_candidate,0.92,figure_title label: Figure 3 Part of a macroradiograph of the metacarpo-phalange,figure_caption,0.92,display_zone,legend_like,figure_number,False,False
6,0,header,Quantitative radiography of OA,"[93, 67, 315, 89]",noise,0.9,header label,noise,0.9,tail_nonref_hold_zone,unknown_like,none,False,False
6,1,number,273,"[1061, 68, 1093, 86]",noise,0.9,page number label,noise,0.9,tail_nonref_hold_zone,unknown_like,short_fragment,False,False
6,2,text,"cartilage, measured as joint space narrowing, is a late stage phenomenon of osteoarthritis.","[294, 124, 686, 168]",backmatter_body,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow,backmatter_body,0.6,tail_nonref_hold_zone,body_like,none,True,True
6,3,text,"In the OA hand, the pattern of increased sclerosis and osteophytosis $ ^{39} $ at the joints of the ","[293, 169, 688, 466]",backmatter_body,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow,backmatter_body,0.6,tail_nonref_hold_zone,body_like,none,True,True
6,4,text,"Evaluation of the pattern of joint space narrowing in the OA hand patients, during the study, showed","[292, 465, 686, 959]",backmatter_body,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow,backmatter_body,0.6,tail_nonref_hold_zone,body_like,none,True,True
6,5,text,The results of these investigations show that by using accurate and precise radiographic procedures ,"[290, 957, 685, 1214]",backmatter_body,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow,backmatter_body,0.6,tail_nonref_hold_zone,body_like,none,True,True
6,6,text,"The greater sensitivity of this technique, compared with standard radiography, has improved the chan","[287, 1213, 683, 1614]",backmatter_body,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow,backmatter_body,0.6,tail_nonref_hold_zone,unknown_like,none,True,True
6,7,text,,"[700, 124, 1096, 363]",unknown_structural,0.3,"short text, uncertain role",unknown_structural,0.3,tail_nonref_hold_zone,unknown_like,empty,False,True
6,8,paragraph_title,Increasing the accuracy and,"[700, 403, 968, 424]",subsection_heading,0.6,"unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: Increasing the accuracy and",subsection_heading,0.6,tail_nonref_hold_zone,heading_like,none,True,True
6,9,paragraph_title,reproducibility in standard radiography,"[700, 426, 1075, 447]",unknown_structural,0.6,"unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: reproducibility in standard radiography",subsection_heading,0.6,tail_nonref_hold_zone,heading_like,none,False,True
6,10,text,"As described above, quantitative microfocal radiography can measure progression, in hand and knee OA","[698, 441, 1093, 917]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow,backmatter_body,0.6,tail_nonref_hold_zone,unknown_like,none,True,True
6,11,text,Equipment: Accurate measurement within the plain film radiograph is dependent on good spatial resolu,"[696, 917, 1093, 1152]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow,backmatter_body,0.6,tail_nonref_hold_zone,unknown_like,none,True,True
6,12,text,Patients: Standardisation of the radioanatomical position of the joint is necessary so that the appe,"[695, 1152, 1090, 1428]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow,backmatter_body,0.6,tail_nonref_hold_zone,unknown_like,none,True,True
6,13,text,Measurement: The boundaries or limits of the radiographic feature to be measured must be defined pre,"[693, 1427, 1089, 1617]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow,backmatter_body,0.6,tail_nonref_hold_zone,unknown_like,none,True,True
7,0,number,274,"[110, 71, 143, 90]",noise,0.9,page number label,noise,0.9,,unknown_like,short_fragment,False,False
7,1,header,Buckland-Wright,"[986, 71, 1104, 91]",noise,0.9,header label,noise,0.9,,unknown_like,short_fragment,False,False
7,2,text,analysis and overall reduce the time taken for the mensural procedures.,"[310, 127, 699, 173]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; promoted in tail spread from body_paragraph,body_paragraph,0.6,,body_like,none,True,True
7,3,paragraph_title,Conclusion,"[310, 212, 423, 233]",section_heading,0.9,explicit scholarly heading: Conclusion,section_heading,0.9,,heading_like,canonical_section_name,True,True
7,4,text,"To measure OA progression, it is necessary to establish a universally acceptable method for accurate","[310, 235, 701, 705]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; promoted in tail spread from body_paragraph,body_paragraph,0.6,,body_like,none,True,True
7,5,text,I wish to express my gratitude to Dr Charles Hutton for inviting me to write this article and to num,"[312, 721, 702, 827]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; promoted in tail spread from body_paragraph,body_paragraph,0.6,,unknown_like,none,True,True
7,6,reference_content,"1 Resnick D, Niwayama G. Degenerative diseases of extra-spinal locations. In: Resnick D, Niwayama G,","[323, 882, 700, 939]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: 1 Resnick D, Niwayama G. Degenerative diseases of extra-spin",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,7,reference_content,"2 Altman R, Asch E, Block D, et al. Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of ","[322, 939, 700, 982]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: 2 Altman R, Asch E, Block D, et al. Development of criteria ",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,8,reference_content,"3 Altman R, Fries J F, Bloch D A, et al. Radiographic assessment of progression in osteoarthritis. A","[322, 982, 701, 1025]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: 3 Altman R, Fries J F, Bloch D A, et al. Radiographic assess",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,9,reference_content,"4 Kallman D A, Wigley F M, Scott W W, Hochberg M C, Tobin J D. New radiographic grading scales for o","[323, 1025, 701, 1067]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: 4 Kallman D A, Wigley F M, Scott W W, Hochberg M C, Tobin J ",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,10,reference_content,"5 Larsen A. Radiographic evaluation of osteoarthritis in therapeutic trials. In: Verbruggen G, Veys ","[323, 1068, 702, 1125]",reference_item,0.85,reference content label: 5 Larsen A. Radiographic evaluation of osteoarthritis in the,reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,11,reference_content,hip. Ann Rheum Dis 1962; 21: 319.,"[324, 1124, 701, 1156]",reference_item,0.85,reference content label: hip. Ann Rheum Dis 1962; 21: 319.,reference_item,0.85,,unknown_like,none,True,True
7,12,reference_content,7 Ahlback S. Osteoarthritis of the knee: a radiographic investigation. Acta Radiol 1968; (suppl): 1,"[324, 1153, 701, 1183]",reference_item,0.85,reference content label: 7 Ahlback S. Osteoarthritis of the knee: a radiographic inve,reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,13,reference_content,"8 Lequesne M. Clinical features, diagnostic criteria, functional assessments and radiological classi","[324, 1183, 702, 1238]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: 8 Lequesne M. Clinical features, diagnostic criteria, functi",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,14,reference_content,"9 Schouten J S A G, van den Ouweland F A, Valkenburg H A. A 12 year follow up study in the general p","[322, 1238, 703, 1295]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: 9 Schouten J S A G, van den Ouweland F A, Valkenburg H A. A ",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,15,reference_content,"10 Dieppe P, Cushnaghan J, McAlindon T. Epidemiology, clinical course and outcome of knee osteoarthr","[317, 1296, 703, 1364]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: 10 Dieppe P, Cushnaghan J, McAlindon T. Epidemiology, clinic",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,16,reference_content,"11 Wevers H W, Siu D, Cooke T D V. A quantitative method of assessing malalignment and joint space l","[318, 1364, 703, 1405]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: 11 Wevers H W, Siu D, Cooke T D V. A quantitative method of ",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,17,reference_content,"12 Siu D, Cooke T D V, Broekhoven L D, et al. A standardized technique for lower limb radiography, p","[318, 1406, 703, 1446]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: 12 Siu D, Cooke T D V, Broekhoven L D, et al. A standardized",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,18,reference_content,"13 Jonson H, Karholm J, Elmqvist L-G. Kinematics of active knee extension after tear of the anterior","[318, 1447, 703, 1488]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: 13 Jonson H, Karholm J, Elmqvist L-G. Kinematics of active k",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,19,reference_content,"14 Leach R E, Gregg T, Siber F J. Weight bearing radiography in osteoarthritis of the knee. Radiolog","[320, 1489, 703, 1516]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: 14 Leach R E, Gregg T, Siber F J. Weight bearing radiography",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,20,reference_content,15 Menkes C J. Radiographic criteria for classification of OA. § Rheumatol 1991: 18 (suppl 27): 135,"[320, 1515, 703, 1543]",reference_item,0.85,reference content label: 15 Menkes C J. Radiographic criteria for classification of O,reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,21,reference_content,"16 Fife R S, Brant K D, Braunstein E M, et al. Relationship between arthroscopic evidence of cartila","[320, 1543, 705, 1612]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: 16 Fife R S, Brant K D, Braunstein E M, et al. Relationship ",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,22,reference_content,"17 Brandt K D, Fife R S, Braunstein E M, Katz B. Radiographic grading of the severity of knee osteoa","[718, 129, 1104, 214]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: 17 Brandt K D, Fife R S, Braunstein E M, Katz B. Radiographi",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,23,reference_content,"18 Dacre J E, Huskisson E C. The automatic assessment of knee radiographs in osteoarthritis using di","[719, 215, 1106, 257]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: 18 Dacre J E, Huskisson E C. The automatic assessment of kne",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
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3 1 1 header Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1994; 53: 268–275 [740, 66, 1108, 88] noise 0.9 header label noise 0.9 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none False False
4 1 2 paragraph_title REVIEW [112, 135, 218, 162] unknown_structural 0.7 unnumbered paragraph_title in title zone on page 1: REVIEW paper_title 0.7 frontmatter_main_zone heading_like short_fragment False True
5 1 3 doc_title Quantitative radiography of osteoarthritis [315, 202, 963, 242] unknown_structural 0.6 page-1 frontmatter title guard: Quantitative radiography of osteoarthritis paper_title 0.6 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none False True
6 1 4 text J C Buckland-Wright [312, 289, 504, 315] unknown_structural 0.3 short text, uncertain role unknown_structural 0.3 frontmatter_main_zone support_like short_fragment False True
7 1 5 footer Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas's Hos [112, 1346, 298, 1493] noise 0.9 footer label noise 0.9 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none False False
8 1 6 text Radiography is important in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) as the features described in the pa [313, 357, 706, 916] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 frontmatter_main_zone body_like none True True
9 1 7 text Scoring systems, although an essential and widely used method for assessing disease progression, suf [313, 916, 706, 1383] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 frontmatter_main_zone body_like none True True
10 1 8 footnote Correspondence to: Dr J C Buckland-Wright, Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UMDS, Guy's Hospita [114, 1496, 275, 1610] frontmatter_noise 0.8 page-1 zone journal_furniture_zone: Correspondence to: Dr J C Buckland-Wright, Division of Anato frontmatter_noise 0.8 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none False False
11 1 9 text Quantitative assessments of the structural changes in peripheral joints with OA are based on measure [314, 1382, 706, 1610] frontmatter_noise 0.8 page-1 zone journal_furniture_zone: Quantitative assessments of the structural changes in periph frontmatter_noise 0.8 frontmatter_main_zone body_like none False False
12 1 10 text [718, 358, 1112, 662] unknown_structural 0.3 short text, uncertain role unknown_structural 0.3 frontmatter_main_zone support_like empty False True
13 1 11 paragraph_title Standard radiography [720, 700, 932, 722] unknown_structural 0.5 unnumbered paragraph_title on page 1 outside title zone: Standard radiography section_heading 0.5 frontmatter_main_zone heading_like none False True
14 1 12 text The radiographic image is a shadow of the differential absorption of x rays by the tissues of the jo [718, 722, 1112, 851] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none True True
15 1 13 text Advantages Standard radiography is simple, cheap, easily accessible and well understood. The radiogr [719, 850, 1112, 1022] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none True True
16 1 14 text Limitations The relatively large size of the x ray source of standard x ray tubes (usually 1 mm and [719, 1022, 1112, 1298] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none True True
17 1 15 text Apart from those investigators who have developed special stereotaxic devices for examining leg alig [719, 1298, 1114, 1609] frontmatter_noise 0.8 page-1 zone journal_furniture_zone: Apart from those investigators who have developed special st frontmatter_noise 0.8 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none False False
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21 2 3 figure_title Figure 1 Standard radiographic appearance of osteoarthritic knee joints showing different degrees of [287, 770, 1088, 842] figure_caption_candidate 0.92 figure_title label: Figure 1 Standard radiographic appearance of osteoarthritic figure_caption 0.92 display_zone legend_like figure_number False False
22 2 4 text reliable assessment of joint space loss. The absence of any standards in the radio-anatomical positi [288, 867, 685, 1613] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
23 2 5 text but more often than not the plane of measurement is never defined. Further, no account is taken of t [694, 866, 1092, 1364] frontmatter_noise 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; frontmatter_side_zone excluded from body flow frontmatter_noise 0.6 frontmatter_side_zone support_like none False False
24 2 6 paragraph_title Quantitative standard radiography [697, 1402, 1027, 1423] subsection_heading 0.6 unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: Quantitative standard radiography subsection_heading 0.6 body_zone heading_like none True True
25 2 7 text Quantitative standard radiography has been applied primarily to joint space width (JSW) measurements [696, 1421, 1092, 1613] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
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27 3 1 header Buckland-Wright [992, 68, 1112, 89] noise 0.9 header label noise 0.9 body_zone body_like short_fragment False False
28 3 2 text standardisation of the position of the hip and knee and reproducible repositioning of the joints on [315, 124, 708, 381] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
29 3 3 text In the former, Martel's group at Michigan University, undertook to define the precision of hyaline c [314, 380, 708, 1237] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
30 3 4 text The development of microcomputers and image analysis technique has provided the means of obtaining a [313, 1237, 707, 1613] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
31 3 5 text [719, 126, 1116, 728] unknown_structural 0.3 short text, uncertain role unknown_structural 0.3 body_zone body_like empty False True
32 3 6 paragraph_title Microfocal radiography [722, 766, 948, 789] subsection_heading 0.6 unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: Microfocal radiography subsection_heading 0.6 body_zone heading_like none True True
33 3 7 text Microfocal x ray units are characterised by an extremely small x ray source (<15 µm in diameter) whi [720, 788, 1113, 1025] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
34 3 8 text Advantages of microfocal radiography are those characteristic of an extremely small x ray source. La [719, 1027, 1114, 1611] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
35 4 0 header Quantitative radiography of OA [91, 62, 312, 85] noise 0.9 header label noise 0.9 body_zone body_like none False False
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37 4 2 image [95, 114, 677, 425] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 body_zone unknown_like empty True True
38 4 3 image [95, 433, 681, 736] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 body_zone body_like empty True True
39 4 4 figure_title Figure 2 Part of the macroradiographs of osteoarthritic knee joints with medial compartment involvem [92, 753, 681, 840] figure_caption_candidate 0.92 figure_title label: Figure 2 Part of the macroradiographs of osteoarthritic knee figure_caption 0.92 display_zone legend_like figure_number False False
40 4 5 text resolution, makes it possible to detect structural detail virtually at the histological level $ ^{34 [295, 865, 687, 973] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
41 4 6 text Limitations are also a function of the small x ray source size. The smallness of the source limits t [295, 972, 688, 1122] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
42 4 7 text Care and accuracy are needed in positioning the patient in relation to the source. This requires spe [295, 1121, 689, 1380] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
43 4 8 paragraph_title Standardisation of macroradiographic procedure [296, 1417, 656, 1459] subsection_heading 0.6 unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: Standardisation of macroradiographic procedure subsection_heading 0.6 body_zone heading_like none True True
44 4 9 text Stereotaxic devices are used to position each patient accurately and reproducibly. The centre of the [295, 1459, 689, 1607] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
45 4 10 text [698, 113, 1095, 588] unknown_structural 0.3 short text, uncertain role unknown_structural 0.3 body_zone body_like empty False True
46 4 11 text The anatomical sites within the macroradiograph used in defining the boundaries for the measurement [700, 586, 1094, 757] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
47 4 12 text Femur: the distal convex margin of the condyle (fig 2). [703, 758, 1093, 800] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
48 4 13 text Tibia, medial compartment: a line extending from near the tibial spine to the medial or outer margin [701, 800, 1096, 1249] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
49 4 14 text A detailed description of the method of measuring radiographic features and the accuracy in recordin [701, 1248, 1098, 1607] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
50 5 0 number 272 [114, 59, 147, 78] noise 0.9 page number label noise 0.9 body_zone body_like short_fragment False False
51 5 1 header Buckland-Wright [989, 61, 1109, 82] noise 0.9 header label noise 0.9 body_zone body_like short_fragment False False
52 5 2 paragraph_title Quantitative microfocal radiography [314, 116, 658, 139] subsection_heading 0.6 unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: Quantitative microfocal radiography subsection_heading 0.6 body_zone heading_like none True True
53 5 3 text Measurement of the radiographic features of OA of the hand and their change over an 18 month study p [313, 139, 706, 548] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
54 5 4 paragraph_title Joint space width [313, 585, 480, 607] subsection_heading 0.6 unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: Joint space width subsection_heading 0.6 body_zone heading_like short_fragment True True
55 5 5 text Joint space narrowing is considered the most important radiological feature of OA but its accuracy i [311, 608, 706, 906] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
56 5 6 text In patients with early, but definite OA of the hand, JSW measurements showed that 56% of the patient [313, 906, 706, 1058] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
57 5 7 text [717, 117, 1112, 419] unknown_structural 0.3 short text, uncertain role unknown_structural 0.3 body_zone body_like empty False True
58 5 8 paragraph_title Relationship between changes in joint space, subchondral sclerosis and osteophytes [717, 456, 1072, 521] subsection_heading 0.6 unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: Relationship between changes in joint space, subchondral scl subsection_heading 0.6 body_zone heading_like none True True
59 5 9 text The results of the studies of OA of the hand $ ^{38} $ and knee $ ^{45} $ showed that the extent of [717, 521, 1114, 1059] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
60 5 10 image [324, 1090, 1102, 1539] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 body_zone unknown_like empty True True
61 5 11 figure_title Figure 3 Part of a macroradiograph of the metacarpo-phalangeal joints of a patient with hand OA, sho [316, 1548, 1053, 1601] figure_caption_candidate 0.92 figure_title label: Figure 3 Part of a macroradiograph of the metacarpo-phalange figure_caption 0.92 display_zone legend_like figure_number False False
62 6 0 header Quantitative radiography of OA [93, 67, 315, 89] noise 0.9 header label noise 0.9 tail_nonref_hold_zone unknown_like none False False
63 6 1 number 273 [1061, 68, 1093, 86] noise 0.9 page number label noise 0.9 tail_nonref_hold_zone unknown_like short_fragment False False
64 6 2 text cartilage, measured as joint space narrowing, is a late stage phenomenon of osteoarthritis. [294, 124, 686, 168] backmatter_body 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow backmatter_body 0.6 tail_nonref_hold_zone body_like none True True
65 6 3 text In the OA hand, the pattern of increased sclerosis and osteophytosis $ ^{39} $ at the joints of the [293, 169, 688, 466] backmatter_body 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow backmatter_body 0.6 tail_nonref_hold_zone body_like none True True
66 6 4 text Evaluation of the pattern of joint space narrowing in the OA hand patients, during the study, showed [292, 465, 686, 959] backmatter_body 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow backmatter_body 0.6 tail_nonref_hold_zone body_like none True True
67 6 5 text The results of these investigations show that by using accurate and precise radiographic procedures [290, 957, 685, 1214] backmatter_body 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow backmatter_body 0.6 tail_nonref_hold_zone body_like none True True
68 6 6 text The greater sensitivity of this technique, compared with standard radiography, has improved the chan [287, 1213, 683, 1614] backmatter_body 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow backmatter_body 0.6 tail_nonref_hold_zone unknown_like none True True
69 6 7 text [700, 124, 1096, 363] unknown_structural 0.3 short text, uncertain role unknown_structural 0.3 tail_nonref_hold_zone unknown_like empty False True
70 6 8 paragraph_title Increasing the accuracy and [700, 403, 968, 424] subsection_heading 0.6 unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: Increasing the accuracy and subsection_heading 0.6 tail_nonref_hold_zone heading_like none True True
71 6 9 paragraph_title reproducibility in standard radiography [700, 426, 1075, 447] unknown_structural 0.6 unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level subsection_heading: reproducibility in standard radiography subsection_heading 0.6 tail_nonref_hold_zone heading_like none False True
72 6 10 text As described above, quantitative microfocal radiography can measure progression, in hand and knee OA [698, 441, 1093, 917] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow backmatter_body 0.6 tail_nonref_hold_zone unknown_like none True True
73 6 11 text Equipment: Accurate measurement within the plain film radiograph is dependent on good spatial resolu [696, 917, 1093, 1152] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow backmatter_body 0.6 tail_nonref_hold_zone unknown_like none True True
74 6 12 text Patients: Standardisation of the radioanatomical position of the joint is necessary so that the appe [695, 1152, 1090, 1428] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow backmatter_body 0.6 tail_nonref_hold_zone unknown_like none True True
75 6 13 text Measurement: The boundaries or limits of the radiographic feature to be measured must be defined pre [693, 1427, 1089, 1617] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow backmatter_body 0.6 tail_nonref_hold_zone unknown_like none True True
76 7 0 number 274 [110, 71, 143, 90] noise 0.9 page number label noise 0.9 unknown_like short_fragment False False
77 7 1 header Buckland-Wright [986, 71, 1104, 91] noise 0.9 header label noise 0.9 unknown_like short_fragment False False
78 7 2 text analysis and overall reduce the time taken for the mensural procedures. [310, 127, 699, 173] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; promoted in tail spread from body_paragraph body_paragraph 0.6 body_like none True True
79 7 3 paragraph_title Conclusion [310, 212, 423, 233] section_heading 0.9 explicit scholarly heading: Conclusion section_heading 0.9 heading_like canonical_section_name True True
80 7 4 text To measure OA progression, it is necessary to establish a universally acceptable method for accurate [310, 235, 701, 705] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; promoted in tail spread from body_paragraph body_paragraph 0.6 body_like none True True
81 7 5 text I wish to express my gratitude to Dr Charles Hutton for inviting me to write this article and to num [312, 721, 702, 827] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; promoted in tail spread from body_paragraph body_paragraph 0.6 unknown_like none True True
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135 8 7 reference_content 52 Lane L B, Villacin A, Bullough P G. The vascularity and remodelling of subchondral bone and calci [306, 428, 692, 484] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 52 Lane L B, Villacin A, Bullough P G. The vascularity and r reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
136 8 8 reference_content 53 Bullough P G, Goodfellow J W. Incongruent surfaces in the hip joint. Nature 1968; 217: 1290. [305, 485, 692, 515] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 53 Bullough P G, Goodfellow J W. Incongruent surfaces in the reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
137 8 9 reference_content 54 McDevitt C A, Gilbertson E, Muir H. An experimental model of osteoarthritis: early morphological [305, 514, 692, 570] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 54 McDevitt C A, Gilbertson E, Muir H. An experimental model reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
138 8 10 reference_content 55 Mankin H J, Brant K D. Biochemistry and metabolism of cartilage in osteoarthritis. In: Moscowitz [304, 571, 692, 641] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 55 Mankin H J, Brant K D. Biochemistry and metabolism of car reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
139 8 11 reference_content 56 Fassbender H G. Significance of endogenous and exogenous mechanisms in the development of osteoar [304, 643, 691, 726] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 56 Fassbender H G. Significance of endogenous and exogenous reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
140 8 12 reference_content 57 Lanyon C E. Functional strain as a determinant for bone remodelling. Calc Tissue Int 1984; 36: S5 [305, 726, 690, 756] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 57 Lanyon C E. Functional strain as a determinant for bone r reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
141 8 13 reference_content 58 Williams J M, Brandt K D. Exercise increases osteophyte [305, 755, 691, 770] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 58 Williams J M, Brandt K D. Exercise increases osteophyte reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
142 8 14 reference_content formation and diminishes fibrillation following chemically induced articular cartilage injury. § Ana [746, 116, 1099, 158] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: formation and diminishes fibrillation following chemically i reference_item 0.85 unknown_like none True True
143 8 15 reference_content 59 Gilbertson E M M. Development of periarticular osteophytes in experimentally induced osteoarthrit [714, 158, 1099, 202] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 59 Gilbertson E M M. Development of periarticular osteophyte reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
144 8 16 reference_content 60 Napier J R. The form and function of the carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb. $ \mathcal{F} $ An [713, 202, 1100, 232] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 60 Napier J R. The form and function of the carpo-metacarpal reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
145 8 17 reference_content 61 Backhouse K M, Hutchings R T. A colour atlas of surface anatomy, clinical and applied. Netherland [714, 232, 1099, 272] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 61 Backhouse K M, Hutchings R T. A colour atlas of surface a reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
146 8 18 reference_content 62 Tubiana R, Thomine J-M, Mackin E. Examination of hand and upper limb. Philadelphia: Saunders, 198 [713, 273, 1100, 302] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 62 Tubiana R, Thomine J-M, Mackin E. Examination of hand and reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
147 8 19 reference_content 63 Jones A R, Unsworth A, Haslock I. A microcomputer controlled hand assessment system used for clin [712, 302, 1098, 344] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 63 Jones A R, Unsworth A, Haslock I. A microcomputer control reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
148 8 20 reference_content 64 Moskowitz R W. Experimental models of osteoarthritis. In: Moskowitz R W, Howell D S, Goldberg V M [712, 345, 1099, 400] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 64 Moskowitz R W. Experimental models of osteoarthritis. In: reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
149 8 21 reference_content 65 Radin E L, Paul I L, Rose R M. Role of mechanical factors in pathogenesis of primary osteoarthrit [712, 401, 1098, 443] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 65 Radin E L, Paul I L, Rose R M. Role of mechanical factors reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
150 8 22 reference_content 66 Buckland-Wright J C. The early lesion in subchondral bone in osteoarthritis: a microfocal radiogr [711, 444, 1099, 527] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 66 Buckland-Wright J C. The early lesion in subchondral bone reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
151 8 23 reference_content 67 Sokoloff L. Loading and motion in relation to ageing and degeneration of joints: implications for [711, 529, 1098, 613] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 67 Sokoloff L. Loading and motion in relation to ageing and reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
152 8 24 reference_content 68 Stecher R M. Heberden's nodes. A clinical description of osteoarthritis of the finger joints. Ann [711, 614, 1098, 656] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 68 Stecher R M. Heberden's nodes. A clinical description of reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
153 8 25 reference_content 69 Buckland-Wright J C. Imaging and measurement of change in osteoarthritis. In: Barrowclough D, ed. [710, 658, 1099, 714] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 69 Buckland-Wright J C. Imaging and measurement of change in reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
154 8 26 reference_content 70 Lynch J A, Buckland-Wright J C, Hawkes D J. Automated measurement of interbone distance on macror [711, 714, 1099, 771] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: 70 Lynch J A, Buckland-Wright J C, Hawkes D J. Automated mea reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True

View file

@ -1,26 +1,151 @@
{
"document": {
"expected_reader_figure_count_min": 2,
"expected_reader_figure_count_min": 3,
"expected_reference_zone": true,
"expected_abstract_span": true
"expected_abstract_span": false,
"notes": [
"IDEAL expectations for CAQNW9Q2 (Buckland-Wright 1994 review article).",
"No abstract. Review article in Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1994; 53: 268-275.",
"Page 1: header/journal line, REVIEW label, title, author, body text, section heading.",
"Figures 1-3 are radiographic X-ray images - must be reader-visible.",
"References span pages 7-8 (refs 1-70).",
"Headings: raw_label=paragraph_title, final role=section_heading/subsection_heading.",
"Running headers: noise/frontmatter_noise, must_not_render.",
"Title/authors: frontmatter artifact, not body_zone."
]
},
"pages": {
"1": {
"expected_roles": [
{"block_pattern": "Quantitative radiography", "role": "title_or_doc_title", "confidence": "medium"}
"assertions": [
{"text_contains": "Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases", "expected_role_any_of": ["noise", "frontmatter_noise"], "must_not_render": true, "must_not_index": true, "notes": "Real: noise - acceptable, just needs must_not_render"},
{"text_equals": "REVIEW", "expected_role": "frontmatter_noise", "expected_zone": "frontmatter_main_zone", "must_not_render_as_body": true, "notes": "Real: unknown_structural - should be frontmatter_noise (article type label, not body content)"},
{"text_contains": "Quantitative radiography of osteoarthritis", "expected_role": "paper_title", "expected_zone": "frontmatter_main_zone", "must_not_render_as_body": true, "notes": "Real: unknown_structural - should be paper_title"},
{"text_contains": "J C Buckland-Wright", "expected_role": "authors", "expected_zone": "frontmatter_main_zone", "must_not_render_as_body": true, "notes": "Real: unknown_structural - should be authors"},
{"text_contains": "Radiography is important", "expected_role": "body_paragraph", "expected_zone": "body_zone", "notes": "Real: body_paragraph in frontmatter_main_zone - zone is wrong"},
{"text_equals": "Standard radiography", "expected_role_any_of": ["section_heading", "subsection_heading"], "expected_zone": "body_zone", "notes": "Real: unknown_structural - should be heading"},
{"text_contains": "Correspondence to:", "expected_role": "frontmatter_support", "expected_zone": "frontmatter_main_zone", "must_not_render_as_body": true, "notes": "Real: NOT FOUND - selector was wrong, actual text is 'Correspondence to: Dr J C Buckland-Wright'"}
]
},
"2": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "Quantitative radiography of OA", "expected_role_any_of": ["noise", "frontmatter_noise"], "must_not_render": true, "must_not_index": true, "notes": "Running header - should not render"},
{"text_equals": "Quantitative standard radiography", "expected_role_any_of": ["section_heading", "subsection_heading"], "expected_zone": "body_zone", "notes": "Real: subsection_heading - correct!"}
],
"expected_non_body": [0, 1, 4, 5],
"expected_reference_rules": [
{"block_id_comment": "no block on page 1 should be reference_item"}
"expected_object_ownership": [
{
"object_type": "figure",
"figure_number": 1,
"caption_text_startswith": "Figure 1 Standard radiographic appearance",
"must_not_be_status": "LEGEND_ONLY",
"must_have_asset_or_candidate_asset": true
}
]
},
"3": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "Buckland-Wright", "expected_role_any_of": ["noise", "frontmatter_noise"], "must_not_render": true, "must_not_index": true, "notes": "Running header"},
{"text_equals": "Microfocal radiography", "expected_role_any_of": ["section_heading", "subsection_heading"], "expected_zone": "body_zone"}
]
},
"4": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "Quantitative radiography of OA", "expected_role_any_of": ["noise", "frontmatter_noise"], "must_not_render": true, "must_not_index": true},
{"text_equals": "Standardisation of macroradiographic procedure", "expected_role_any_of": ["section_heading", "subsection_heading"], "expected_zone": "body_zone"}
],
"expected_object_ownership": [
{
"object_type": "figure",
"figure_number": 2,
"must_not_be_status": "LEGEND_ONLY",
"must_have_asset_or_candidate_asset": true
}
]
},
"5": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "Buckland-Wright", "expected_role_any_of": ["noise", "frontmatter_noise"], "must_not_render": true, "must_not_index": true},
{"text_equals": "Quantitative microfocal radiography", "expected_role_any_of": ["section_heading", "subsection_heading"], "expected_zone": "body_zone"},
{"text_equals": "Joint space width", "expected_role_any_of": ["section_heading", "subsection_heading"], "expected_zone": "body_zone"},
{"text_contains": "Relationship between changes in joint space", "expected_role_any_of": ["section_heading", "subsection_heading"], "expected_zone": "body_zone"}
],
"expected_object_ownership": [
{
"object_type": "figure",
"figure_number": 3,
"must_not_be_status": "LEGEND_ONLY",
"must_have_asset_or_candidate_asset": true
}
]
},
"6": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "Quantitative radiography of OA", "expected_role_any_of": ["noise", "frontmatter_noise"], "must_not_render": true, "must_not_index": true},
{"text_contains": "cartilage, measured as joint space narrowing", "expected_role": "body_paragraph", "expected_zone": "body_zone", "notes": "Real: body_paragraph in tail_nonref_hold_zone - zone is wrong, this is body content"},
{"type": "merged_heading", "parts": ["Increasing the accuracy and", "reproducibility in standard radiography"], "expected_text": "Increasing the accuracy and reproducibility in standard radiography", "expected_role_any_of": ["section_heading", "subsection_heading"], "notes": "Real: split into 2 blocks, heading merge artifact needed"}
]
},
"7": {
"expected_order_relations": [
{"before_text": "Conclusion", "after_text": "References", "layer": "render_order_markdown"}
],
"expected_reference_rules": [
{"must_not_render_references_as_body": true}
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "Buckland-Wright", "expected_role_any_of": ["noise", "frontmatter_noise"], "must_not_render": true, "must_not_index": true},
{"text_equals": "Conclusion", "expected_role_any_of": ["section_heading", "subsection_heading"], "expected_zone": "body_zone"},
{"text_contains": "I wish to express my gratitude", "expected_role": "backmatter_body", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone", "notes": "No Acknowledgements heading - just backmatter body text"}
]
},
"8": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "Buckland-Wright", "expected_role_any_of": ["noise", "frontmatter_noise"], "must_not_render": true, "must_not_index": true},
{"text_contains": "formation and diminishes fibrillation", "expected_role": "reference_item", "expected_zone": "reference_zone", "notes": "Real: unknown_structural in empty zone - should be reference_item (ref 58 continuation)"}
]
}
}
},
"expected_bugs": [
{
"bug": "title_and_author_not_classified",
"pages": [1],
"description": "Paper title gets role=unknown_structural (seed_role=paper_title but gate rejected). Author name gets role=unknown_structural. Both should be paper_title/authors.",
"fix": "paper_title/authors should be accepted by source-backed frontmatter artifact gate"
},
{
"bug": "page1_body_zone_eaten_by_frontmatter",
"pages": [1],
"description": "Page 1 body text (Radiography is important..., Scoring systems...) has zone=frontmatter_main_zone instead of body_zone. Frontmatter zone has no lower boundary.",
"fix": "Page 1 frontmatter zone must have lower boundary, not swallow two-column body text"
},
{
"bug": "running_headers_not_render_filtered",
"pages": [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8],
"description": "Running headers (Buckland-Wright, Quantitative radiography of OA) have role=noise but some still render. Need must_not_render gate.",
"fix": "Running headers should be noise with must_not_render=true"
},
{
"bug": "page6_tail_misclassification",
"pages": [6],
"description": "Page 6 body text (cartilage, measured as joint space narrowing...) is in tail_nonref_hold_zone instead of body_zone. Tail detection spread too early.",
"fix": "tail_nonref_hold_zone spread must not consume body continuation pages"
},
{
"bug": "page6_heading_split_no_merge",
"pages": [6],
"description": "Heading 'Increasing the accuracy and reproducibility in standard radiography' is split into 2 blocks with no merge artifact.",
"fix": "Heading merge logic needed for split headings"
},
{
"bug": "reference_continuation_lost",
"pages": [8],
"description": "Reference 58 continuation (formation and diminishes fibrillation) has role=unknown_structural in empty zone instead of reference_item in reference_zone.",
"fix": "Reference continuation detection needs improvement"
},
{
"bug": "review_label_not_classified",
"pages": [1],
"description": "REVIEW label has role=unknown_structural instead of frontmatter_noise.",
"fix": "Article type labels need dedicated classification as frontmatter_noise"
},
{
"bug": "figure_captions_not_tested",
"pages": [2, 4, 5],
"description": "Figure object ownership not tested in expectations. Need to verify figures 1-3 are reader-visible with captions.",
"fix": "Add figure object ownership assertions to expectations"
}
]
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
page,block_id,raw_label,content_preview,bbox,role,role_confidence,evidence,seed_role,seed_confidence,zone,style_family,marker_type,render_default,index_default
1,0,paragraph_title,Journal Pre-proof,"[190, 206, 475, 246]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,"journal pre-proof marker: page 1, paragraph_title, y=206/1584, width=285/1224",frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,heading_like,preproof_marker,False,False
1,1,text,Magnetoresponsive Stem Cell Spheroid-based Cartilage Recovery Platform Utilizing Electromagnetic Fie,"[189, 314, 784, 365]",frontmatter_noise,0.85,page-1 title fallback after pre-proof: y=314/1584,paper_title,0.85,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,False,False
1,2,text,"Ami Yoo, Gwangjun Go, Kim Tien Nguyen, Kyungmin Lee, Hyun-Ki Min, Byungjeon Kang, Chang-Sei Kim, Jiw","[190, 391, 783, 467]",frontmatter_noise,0.8,"page-1 zone author_zone: Ami Yoo, Gwangjun Go, Kim Tien Nguyen, Kyungmin Lee, Hyun-Ki",authors,0.8,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,False,False
1,3,image,,"[846, 209, 1015, 436]",frontmatter_noise,0.85,media label: image,media_asset,0.85,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,empty,False,False
1,4,text,PII: S0925-4005(19)31768-X,"[190, 511, 632, 536]",frontmatter_noise,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,False,False
1,5,text,DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.127569,"[190, 548, 778, 574]",frontmatter_noise,0.8,page-1 zone journal_furniture_zone: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.127569,frontmatter_noise,0.8,,unknown_like,none,False,False
1,6,text,Reference: SNB 127569,"[191, 586, 526, 612]",frontmatter_noise,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,False,False
1,7,text,To appear in: Sensors and Actuators: B. Chemical,"[190, 651, 735, 676]",frontmatter_noise,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,False,False
1,8,text,Received Date: 13 August 2019,"[190, 713, 553, 739]",frontmatter_noise,0.7,frontmatter noise text: Received Date: 13 August 2019,frontmatter_noise,0.7,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,False,False
1,9,text,Revised Date: 19 November 2019,"[190, 751, 582, 777]",frontmatter_noise,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,False,False
1,10,text,Accepted Date: 10 December 2019,"[190, 789, 583, 814]",frontmatter_noise,0.8,page-1 zone journal_furniture_zone: Accepted Date: 10 December 2019,frontmatter_noise,0.8,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,False,False
1,11,text,"Please cite this article as: Yoo A, Go G, Nguyen KT, Lee K, Min H-Ki, Kang B, Kim C-Sei, Han J, Park","[189, 876, 1019, 976]",frontmatter_noise,0.8,"page-1 zone journal_furniture_zone: Please cite this article as: Yoo A, Go G, Nguyen KT, Lee K, ",frontmatter_noise,0.8,,unknown_like,none,False,False
1,12,text,"This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addit","[188, 1019, 1004, 1188]",frontmatter_noise,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,False,False
1,13,text,© 2019 Published by Elsevier.,"[189, 1209, 461, 1234]",frontmatter_noise,0.8,page-1 zone journal_furniture_zone: © 2019 Published by Elsevier.,frontmatter_noise,0.8,frontmatter_main_zone,support_like,none,False,False
2,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[502, 1, 832, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p2 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
2,1,text,TITLE,"[76, 101, 146, 128]",unknown_structural,0.3,"short text, uncertain role",unknown_structural,0.3,frontmatter_side_zone,support_like,short_fragment,False,True
2,2,doc_title,Magnetoresponsive Stem Cell Spheroid-based Cartilage Recovery Platform Utilizing Electromagnetic Fie,"[74, 155, 1028, 268]",unknown_structural,0.2,unrecognized label 'doc_title',unknown_structural,0.2,body_zone,body_like,none,False,True
2,3,text,"Ami Yoo<sup>a</sup>, †, Gwangjun Go<sup>a</sup>, <sup>b</sup>, †, Kim Tien Nguyen<sup>a</sup>, <sup>","[74, 355, 1026, 445]",frontmatter_support,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
2,4,text,"a. Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Korea","[82, 535, 1028, 621]",frontmatter_support,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
2,5,text,"b. School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 6","[81, 645, 1028, 732]",frontmatter_support,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
2,6,text,These authors contributed equally to this work.,"[75, 811, 548, 843]",frontmatter_noise,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; frontmatter_side_zone excluded from body flow,frontmatter_noise,0.6,frontmatter_side_zone,support_like,none,False,False
2,7,text,"*Corresponding author: judyvet@jnu.ac.kr (J.H.), jop@jnu.ac.kr (J.-O.P.), and eunpyochoi@jnu.ac.kr (","[74, 864, 1032, 953]",frontmatter_noise,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; frontmatter_side_zone excluded from body flow,frontmatter_noise,0.6,frontmatter_side_zone,support_like,none,False,False
2,8,paragraph_title,Highlights,"[75, 1115, 188, 1143]",structured_insert,0.6,"unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level sub_subsection_heading: Highlights",sub_subsection_heading,0.6,body_zone,heading_like,short_fragment,False,False
2,9,text,- We propose the use of a magnetoresponsive stem cell spheroid (MR-SCS)-based cartilage recovery pla,"[109, 1144, 1014, 1253]",structured_insert,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,False,False
2,10,text,- Locomotion of MR-SCS that was mediated by the electromagnetic actuationsystem was successfully dem,"[111, 1278, 966, 1332]",structured_insert,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,False,False
2,11,text,- Low-frequency electromagnetic field stimulation of MR-SCS resulted in increased expression levels ,"[110, 1359, 1016, 1414]",structured_insert,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,False,False
3,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[503, 1, 831, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p3 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
3,1,abstract,• Histological evaluation revealed an apparent improvement in the regeneration of cartilage tissue i,"[112, 101, 1015, 184]",abstract_body,0.85,abstract label from Paddle OCR,abstract_body,0.85,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
3,2,paragraph_title,Abstract,"[74, 262, 191, 297]",abstract_heading,0.95,abstract heading,abstract_heading,0.95,body_zone,heading_like,short_fragment,True,True
3,3,abstract,Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide a promising source for cartilage tissue regeneration strategie,"[71, 319, 1033, 1245]",abstract_body,0.85,abstract label from Paddle OCR,abstract_body,0.85,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
3,4,text,"Keywords: stem cell, cell spheroid, electromagnetic actuation, electromagnetic field stimulation","[75, 1321, 1011, 1352]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
3,5,paragraph_title,1. Introduction,"[77, 1434, 264, 1465]",section_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 1. Introduction,section_heading,0.85,body_zone,heading_like,heading_numbered,True,True
4,0,paragraph_title,Journal Pre-proof,"[503, 1, 832, 41]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p4 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
4,1,text,"As the world population increases in age and in life expectancy, joint related disorders such as ost","[74, 99, 1033, 1351]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
4,2,text,"MSCs provide a promising cell source for cartilage repair due to their self-renewal ability, high pr","[74, 1369, 1032, 1457]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
5,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 831, 41]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p5 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
5,1,text,tissues and organs [9]. A number of studies have investigated the applicability of MSCs in regenerat,"[74, 101, 1033, 524]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
5,2,text,"In an effort to enhance the targeting efficiency of stem cells, several studies have suggested the u","[74, 543, 1032, 1186]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
5,3,text,"Given this, the proof of concept of a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-based stem cell delivery syste","[75, 1205, 1032, 1456]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
6,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 832, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p6 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
6,1,text,still some unsolved issues associated with long-term safety and efficacy related to these materials.,"[75, 100, 1032, 687]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
6,2,text,"Currently, stem cell-based tissue engineering strategies that incorporate biochemical and biophysica","[75, 709, 1033, 1237]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
6,3,text,"To accomplish this, we propose the use of a magnetoresponsive stem cell spheroid-based cartilage rec","[75, 1261, 1032, 1456]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
7,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 831, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p7 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
7,1,text,hundred microns by co-culturing the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) v,"[75, 101, 1032, 574]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
7,2,paragraph_title,2. Experimental section,"[75, 664, 365, 694]",section_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 2. Experimental section,section_heading,0.85,,reference_like,reference_numeric_dot,True,True
7,3,paragraph_title,2.1 Cell culture,"[76, 726, 241, 754]",subsection_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.1 Cell culture,subsection_heading,0.85,body_zone,heading_like,heading_numbered,True,True
7,4,text,"Mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, VA, U","[74, 782, 1032, 1200]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
7,5,paragraph_title,2.2 Fabrication and characteristics of MNP labeled MR-SCS,"[75, 1279, 705, 1305]",subsection_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.2 Fabrication and characteristics of MNP labeled MR-SCS,subsection_heading,0.85,body_zone,body_like,heading_numbered,True,True
7,6,text,Confluent mouse MSCs were incubated in culture medium containing different concentrations of MNPs (f,"[74, 1334, 1032, 1475]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
8,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 830, 39]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p8 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
8,1,text,MNPs. The fluidMAG-D is composed of magnetite core and starch surface coating and prepared as a conc,"[74, 101, 1031, 905]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
8,2,paragraph_title,2.3 Chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS,"[75, 984, 582, 1012]",subsection_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.3 Chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS,subsection_heading,0.85,body_zone,heading_like,heading_numbered,True,True
8,3,text,The fabricated MR-SCSs were cultured for 3 weeks in chondrogenic differentiation medium composed of ,"[75, 1040, 1033, 1290]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
8,4,paragraph_title,2.4 Experimental setup for electromagnetic actuation of the MR-SCS,"[74, 1371, 791, 1398]",subsection_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.4 Experimental setup for electromagnetic actuation of the ,subsection_heading,0.85,body_zone,body_like,heading_numbered,True,True
9,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 831, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p9 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
9,1,text,The electromagnetic actuation of the MR-SCS was conducted using the EMA system that consists of eigh,"[74, 100, 1032, 685]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
9,2,text,"For the 3D locomotion test of the MR-SCS using the EMA system, a single MR-SCS was placed in the acr","[74, 708, 1032, 962]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
9,3,paragraph_title,2.5 Experimental setup for low-field electromagnetic stimulation of the MR-SCS,"[74, 1039, 907, 1068]",subsection_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.5 Experimental setup for low-field electromagnetic stimula,subsection_heading,0.85,body_zone,body_like,heading_numbered,True,True
9,4,text,"For electromagnetic stimulation of the MR-SCS, an LF-EMF stimulation system that consists of two squ","[75, 1095, 1032, 1454]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
10,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[505, 1, 831, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p10 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
10,1,text,"differentiation of MR-SCS, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs occurs at the same ma","[75, 102, 1032, 574]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
10,2,paragraph_title,2.6 Ex vivo cartilage defect model and implantation of the MR-SCS,"[74, 653, 771, 681]",subsection_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.6 Ex vivo cartilage defect model and implantation of the M,subsection_heading,0.85,body_zone,body_like,heading_numbered,True,True
10,3,text,Osteochondral discs (8 mm × 8 mm) were harvested from the medial condyles of porcine femurs using an,"[74, 709, 1032, 1126]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
10,4,paragraph_title,2.7 Gene expression analysis,"[76, 1206, 376, 1233]",subsection_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.7 Gene expression analysis,subsection_heading,0.85,body_zone,heading_like,heading_numbered,True,True
10,5,text,"To analyze the chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS, relative gene expression changes of chond","[75, 1261, 1031, 1455]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
11,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 831, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p11 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
11,1,text,time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using 5 x HOT FIREPol® EvaGreen® qPCR Mix Plus (R,"[75, 102, 1032, 577]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
11,2,paragraph_title,2.8 Histological and immunohistochemical staining analysis,"[75, 653, 694, 682]",subsection_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.8 Histological and immunohistochemical staining analysis,subsection_heading,0.85,body_zone,body_like,heading_numbered,True,True
11,3,text,"For the histological and immunohistochemical analyses, the MR-SCSs were fixed in 4% formaldehyde for","[75, 709, 1032, 1015]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
11,4,text,"For immunohistochemical staining, cryosectioned MR-SCSs were incubated in Anti-COLIIA1 antibody (Abc","[75, 1039, 1032, 1347]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
11,5,paragraph_title,2.9 Statistical data analysis,"[76, 1426, 360, 1453]",subsection_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.9 Statistical data analysis,subsection_heading,0.85,body_zone,heading_like,heading_numbered,True,True
12,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[505, 2, 830, 39]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p12 y=2/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
12,1,text,All experiments were replicated 3 times and statistical analyses of the in vitro and ex vivo experim,"[75, 101, 1031, 242]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
12,2,paragraph_title,3. Results,"[76, 323, 200, 351]",section_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 3. Results,section_heading,0.85,body_zone,heading_like,heading_numbered,True,True
12,3,paragraph_title,3.1 Morphology and cell viability of the MR-SCS,"[75, 386, 585, 414]",subsection_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 3.1 Morphology and cell viability of the MR-SCS,subsection_heading,0.85,body_zone,heading_like,heading_numbered,True,True
12,4,text,Mouse MSCs and ultra-low attachment surface 96-well plates were used to fabricate the magnetorespons,"[74, 443, 1031, 858]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
12,5,text,The effect of MNPs on the viability of mouse MSCs in 2D and 3D culture was analyzed using the Alamar,"[74, 884, 1032, 1467]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
13,0,paragraph_title,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 831, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p13 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
13,1,text,cell/well and after 24 h about $ 2.4 \times 10^4 $ cells/well formed in single 3D spheroid (fig. S3,"[75, 99, 1032, 961]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
13,2,text,"Additionally, as shown in Live/Dead cell images, a higher amount of green fluorescent cells (live ce","[75, 985, 1033, 1457]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
14,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[505, 2, 829, 39]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p14 y=2/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
14,1,paragraph_title,3.2 Effect of MNPs on chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS,"[74, 157, 771, 183]",subsection_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 3.2 Effect of MNPs on chondrogenic differentiation of the MR,subsection_heading,0.85,body_zone,body_like,heading_numbered,True,True
14,2,text,"To evaluate the chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS, Alcian blue staining, immunohistochemica","[75, 214, 1032, 794]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
14,3,paragraph_title,3.3 Manipulation of the MR-SCS using EMA system,"[75, 875, 624, 903]",subsection_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 3.3 Manipulation of the MR-SCS using EMA system,subsection_heading,0.85,body_zone,heading_like,heading_numbered,True,True
14,4,text,"The electromagnetic actuation of the MR-SCS was performed using the EMA system, as this system can p","[75, 931, 1032, 1456]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
15,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[503, 1, 831, 41]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p15 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
15,1,abstract,linearly increased at fixed magnetic field (40 mT) and changing gradient magnetic fields (0.9 - 1.8 ,"[70, 92, 1039, 1543]",body_paragraph,0.85,abstract label from Paddle OCR,abstract_body,0.85,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
16,0,paragraph_title,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 832, 41]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p16 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
16,1,abstract,magnetic chain according to the magnetic field generated by the EMA system. The aggregated MR-SCSs w,"[74, 98, 1034, 355]",body_paragraph,0.85,abstract label from Paddle OCR,abstract_body,0.85,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
16,2,abstract,"In an in vivo and clinical tests, the general optical imaging device is not easy to be used for real","[74, 377, 1034, 1463]",body_paragraph,0.85,abstract label from Paddle OCR,abstract_body,0.85,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
17,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 831, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p17 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
17,1,abstract,"control and arthroscope imaging to the defect site (Fig. 3h, fig. S13, and video S4, Supporting Info","[74, 99, 1034, 298]",body_paragraph,0.85,abstract label from Paddle OCR,abstract_body,0.85,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
17,2,abstract,Although the proposed EMA system demonstrated the precise 3D targeting delivery of a small number of,"[75, 321, 1033, 1352]",body_paragraph,0.85,abstract label from Paddle OCR,abstract_body,0.85,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
17,3,paragraph_title,3.4 Effects of LF-EMF stimulation on in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS,"[74, 1424, 1009, 1454]",subsection_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 3.4 Effects of LF-EMF stimulation on in vitro chondrogenic d,subsection_heading,0.85,body_zone,body_like,heading_numbered,True,True
18,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 831, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p18 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
18,1,text,"To evaluate the effect of LF-EMF stimulation on chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS, immunohi","[75, 101, 1032, 740]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
18,2,paragraph_title,3.5 Effects of LF-EMF stimulation on ex vivo cartilage regeneration of MR-SCS,"[74, 819, 900, 846]",subsection_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 3.5 Effects of LF-EMF stimulation on ex vivo cartilage regen,subsection_heading,0.85,body_zone,body_like,heading_numbered,True,True
18,3,text,We further evaluated the effects of LF-EMF stimulation on ex vivo cartilage regeneration of the MR-S,"[75, 874, 1032, 1180]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
18,4,text,"After 8 weeks of cultivation with the MR-SCSs, the defective areas of the discs were filled with tis","[75, 1207, 1032, 1455]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
19,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 831, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p19 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
19,1,text,stimulated osteochondral discs was significantly higher than that observed in the LF-EMF unstimulate,"[75, 100, 1032, 244]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
19,2,paragraph_title,4. Discussion,"[76, 323, 240, 352]",section_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 4. Discussion,section_heading,0.85,body_zone,heading_like,heading_numbered,True,True
19,3,text,"In this study, we proposed a novel means of cartilage repair that uses MR-SCS combined with EMA and ","[74, 390, 1033, 1465]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
20,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 831, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p20 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
20,1,text,"cell characteristics and functions [29]. In contrast, the 3D culture of MSCs possesses many advantag","[74, 101, 1033, 963]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
20,2,text,"Many studies have the reported toxicity issues of MNPs on MSCs, and most of them resulted non- or ve","[74, 985, 1033, 1400]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
21,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 831, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p21 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
21,1,text," $ \mu g $, and these concentrations are relatively low compared to those used by the other research","[74, 100, 1028, 186]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
21,2,text,"It is known that MNPs internalize within cells through several endocytosis pathway, such as such as ","[74, 216, 1033, 1457]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
22,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 832, 41]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p22 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
22,1,text,"materials, respective affinity for iron species of the soluble chelators and surface ligands of the ","[74, 101, 1033, 524]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
22,2,text,"Additionally, controversy remains regarding the possible inhibitory effect of MNP labeling on chondr","[74, 543, 1032, 1073]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
22,3,text,"Moreover, external biophysical stimulation by LF-EMF was used successfully for the regeneration of a","[75, 1095, 1033, 1456]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
23,0,paragraph_title,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 831, 41]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p23 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
23,1,text,external biophysical stimulation by LF-EMF was used successfully for the regeneration of articular c,"[73, 97, 1036, 1456]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
24,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 1, 831, 41]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p24 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
24,1,text,MR-SCS appear as continuous tissue in microscopic images obtained after LF-EMF stimulation and in un,"[75, 99, 1033, 909]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
24,2,paragraph_title,4. Conclusion,"[76, 986, 247, 1016]",section_heading,0.85,paragraph_title label with numbering: 4. Conclusion,section_heading,0.85,body_zone,heading_like,heading_numbered,True,True
24,3,text,We developed a magnetoresponsive stem cell spheroid-based cartilage recovery platform that can preci,"[75, 1050, 1033, 1411]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label,body_paragraph,0.6,body_zone,body_like,none,True,True
25,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 2, 830, 39]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p25 y=2/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
25,1,text,fields can provide effective potential therapeutic agents to promote the regeneration of damaged tis,"[75, 100, 1031, 186]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow,backmatter_body,0.6,tail_nonref_hold_zone,unknown_like,none,True,True
25,2,paragraph_title,Conflict of Interest,"[76, 241, 311, 270]",section_heading,0.5,backmatter heading on page 25: Conflict of Interest,backmatter_heading_candidate,0.8,tail_nonref_hold_zone,support_like,none,True,True
25,3,text,All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.,"[75, 359, 690, 387]",backmatter_body,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow,backmatter_body,0.6,tail_nonref_hold_zone,unknown_like,none,True,True
25,4,paragraph_title,Acknowledgments,"[76, 444, 304, 474]",section_heading,0.5,backmatter heading on page 25: Acknowledgments,backmatter_heading_candidate,0.8,tail_nonref_hold_zone,heading_like,short_fragment,True,True
25,5,text,A. Yoo and G. Go contributed equally to this work. We thank Medical Microrobot Center of Chonnam Nat,"[74, 518, 1032, 881]",backmatter_body,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow,backmatter_body,0.6,tail_nonref_hold_zone,unknown_like,none,True,True
26,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[503, 2, 831, 39]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p26 y=2/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
26,1,paragraph_title,References,"[75, 102, 216, 133]",reference_heading,0.9,references heading: References,reference_heading,0.9,,heading_like,short_fragment,True,True
26,2,reference_content,"[1] C. Cooper, M.K. Javaid, N. Arden, Epidemiology of osteoarthritis, Atlas of osteoarthritis, Sprin","[78, 166, 1027, 249]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: [1] C. Cooper, M.K. Javaid, N. Arden, Epidemiology of osteoa",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_bracket,True,True
26,3,reference_content,"[2] P. Creamer, M. Hochberg, Why does osteoarthritis of the knee hurt--sometimes?, Rheumatology, 36(","[77, 275, 1027, 360]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: [2] P. Creamer, M. Hochberg, Why does osteoarthritis of the ",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_bracket,True,True
26,4,reference_content,"[3] L. Zhang, J. Hu, K.A. Athanasiou, The role of tissue engineering in articular cartilage repair a","[78, 386, 1028, 470]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: [3] L. Zhang, J. Hu, K.A. Athanasiou, The role of tissue eng",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_bracket,True,True
26,5,reference_content,"[4] I. Uzieliene, P. Bernotas, A. Mobasheri, E. Bernotiene, The Role of Physical Stimuli on Calcium ","[79, 496, 1026, 581]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: [4] I. Uzieliene, P. Bernotas, A. Mobasheri, E. Bernotiene, ",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_bracket,True,True
26,6,reference_content,"[5] E.B. Hunziker, Articular cartilage repair: basic science and clinical progress. A review of the ","[79, 607, 1027, 690]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: [5] E.B. Hunziker, Articular cartilage repair: basic science",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_bracket,True,True
26,7,reference_content,"[6] C. Baugé, K. Boumédiene, Use of Adult Stem Cells for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Current Statu","[79, 717, 1027, 801]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: [6] C. Baugé, K. Boumédiene, Use of Adult Stem Cells for Car",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_bracket,True,True
26,8,reference_content,"[7] A. Khademhosseini, Micro and nanoengineering of the cell microenvironment: technologies and appl","[79, 827, 1026, 911]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: [7] A. Khademhosseini, Micro and nanoengineering of the cell",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_bracket,True,True
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27,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 2, 831, 39]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p27 y=2/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
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28,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[503, 2, 831, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p28 y=2/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
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30,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[504, 2, 831, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p30 y=2/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
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31,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[503, 2, 831, 39]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p31 y=2/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
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32,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[503, 2, 831, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p32 y=2/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
32,1,reference_content,"[58] R.G. LeBaron, K.A. Athanasiou, Ex vivo synthesis of articular cartilage, Biomaterials, 21(2000)","[77, 99, 1028, 183]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: [58] R.G. LeBaron, K.A. Athanasiou, Ex vivo synthesis of art",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,reference_like,reference_numeric_bracket,True,True
32,2,paragraph_title,Biographies,"[81, 350, 234, 380]",sub_subsection_heading,0.6,"unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level sub_subsection_heading: Biographies",sub_subsection_heading,0.6,,heading_like,short_fragment,True,True
32,3,text,Amr Yoo received her B.S. (2010) degrees from the Dep. of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology at Ch,"[75, 382, 1025, 511]",body_paragraph,0.6,default body_paragraph for text label; promoted in tail spread from body_paragraph,body_paragraph,0.6,reference_zone,unknown_like,none,True,True
32,4,reference_content,Gwangjun Go received his B.S. (2013) and M.S. (2015) degree from the School of Mechanical Engineerin,"[75, 513, 1018, 619]",reference_item,0.85,reference content label: Gwangjun Go received his B.S. (2013) and M.S. (2015) degree ,reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,unknown_like,none,True,True
32,5,reference_content,Kim Tien Nguyen received a B.S. degree in Dept. of Mechanical Engineering from the Hochiminh Univers,"[75, 620, 1021, 777]",reference_item,0.85,reference content label: Kim Tien Nguyen received a B.S. degree in Dept. of Mechanica,reference_item,0.85,,unknown_like,none,True,True
32,6,reference_content,Kyungmin Lee received her B.S. (2013) and M.S. (2018) degrees from the Dept. of Mechatronics Enginee,"[75, 779, 1021, 937]",reference_item,0.85,reference content label: Kyungmin Lee received her B.S. (2013) and M.S. (2018) degree,reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,unknown_like,none,True,True
32,7,reference_content,Hyun-Ki Min received his B.S. (2012) degrees from the Division of Biological Science at Wonkwang Uni,"[75, 937, 994, 1018]",reference_item,0.85,reference content label: Hyun-Ki Min received his B.S. (2012) degrees from the Divisi,reference_item,0.85,,unknown_like,none,True,True
33,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[503, 2, 831, 40]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p33 y=2/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
33,1,reference_content,of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo). His research interests are fuse micro/nanorobot with biology and ,"[74, 101, 1027, 153]",reference_item,0.85,reference content label: of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo). His research interests ar,reference_item,0.85,,unknown_like,none,True,True
33,2,reference_content,Byungjeon Kang received his B.S. (2008) and M.S. (2010) degrees in mechanical engineering from the C,"[76, 155, 1014, 284]",reference_item,0.85,reference content label: Byungjeon Kang received his B.S. (2008) and M.S. (2010) degr,reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,unknown_like,none,True,True
33,3,reference_content,"Chang-Sei Kim received his B.S. (1998), M.S. (2000), and Ph.D. (2011) degrees from the Dept. of Cont","[75, 286, 1019, 472]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: Chang-Sei Kim received his B.S. (1998), M.S. (2000), and Ph.",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,unknown_like,none,True,True
33,4,reference_content,"Jiwon Han received his B.S. (1998), M.S. (2008), and Ph.D. (2015) degrees from the Dep. of Veterinar","[75, 473, 1025, 603]",reference_item,0.85,"reference content label: Jiwon Han received his B.S. (1998), M.S. (2008), and Ph.D. (",reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,unknown_like,none,True,True
33,5,reference_content,Jong-Oh Park received his B.S. (1978) and M.S. (1981) degrees from the department of mechanical engi,"[74, 604, 1029, 791]",reference_item,0.85,reference content label: Jong-Oh Park received his B.S. (1978) and M.S. (1981) degree,reference_item,0.85,reference_zone,unknown_like,none,True,True
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40,1,figure_title,Fig. 3. Magnetic actuation characterization of MR-SCS. (a) Experimental setup of the EMA system. (b),"[73, 99, 1032, 548]",figure_caption_candidate,0.92,figure_title label: Fig. 3. Magnetic actuation characterization of MR-SCS. (a) E,figure_caption,0.92,display_zone,legend_like,figure_number,False,False
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41,13,figure_title,Fig. 4. Effect of LF-EMF stimulation on MR-SCS. (a) Experimental setup of the LF-EMF stimulation sys,"[74, 1169, 1032, 1491]",figure_caption_candidate,0.92,figure_title label: Fig. 4. Effect of LF-EMF stimulation on MR-SCS. (a) Experime,figure_caption,0.92,display_zone,legend_like,figure_number,False,False
42,0,header,Journal Pre-proof,"[502, 1, 832, 42]",frontmatter_noise,0.98,journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p42 y=1/1584,frontmatter_noise,0.98,preproof_cover_zone,unknown_like,preproof_marker,False,False
1 page block_id raw_label content_preview bbox role role_confidence evidence seed_role seed_confidence zone style_family marker_type render_default index_default
2 1 0 paragraph_title Journal Pre-proof [190, 206, 475, 246] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof marker: page 1, paragraph_title, y=206/1584, width=285/1224 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone heading_like preproof_marker False False
3 1 1 text Magnetoresponsive Stem Cell Spheroid-based Cartilage Recovery Platform Utilizing Electromagnetic Fie [189, 314, 784, 365] frontmatter_noise 0.85 page-1 title fallback after pre-proof: y=314/1584 paper_title 0.85 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none False False
4 1 2 text Ami Yoo, Gwangjun Go, Kim Tien Nguyen, Kyungmin Lee, Hyun-Ki Min, Byungjeon Kang, Chang-Sei Kim, Jiw [190, 391, 783, 467] frontmatter_noise 0.8 page-1 zone author_zone: Ami Yoo, Gwangjun Go, Kim Tien Nguyen, Kyungmin Lee, Hyun-Ki authors 0.8 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none False False
5 1 3 image [846, 209, 1015, 436] frontmatter_noise 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 frontmatter_main_zone support_like empty False False
6 1 4 text PII: S0925-4005(19)31768-X [190, 511, 632, 536] frontmatter_noise 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none False False
7 1 5 text DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.127569 [190, 548, 778, 574] frontmatter_noise 0.8 page-1 zone journal_furniture_zone: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.127569 frontmatter_noise 0.8 unknown_like none False False
8 1 6 text Reference: SNB 127569 [191, 586, 526, 612] frontmatter_noise 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none False False
9 1 7 text To appear in: Sensors and Actuators: B. Chemical [190, 651, 735, 676] frontmatter_noise 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none False False
10 1 8 text Received Date: 13 August 2019 [190, 713, 553, 739] frontmatter_noise 0.7 frontmatter noise text: Received Date: 13 August 2019 frontmatter_noise 0.7 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none False False
11 1 9 text Revised Date: 19 November 2019 [190, 751, 582, 777] frontmatter_noise 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none False False
12 1 10 text Accepted Date: 10 December 2019 [190, 789, 583, 814] frontmatter_noise 0.8 page-1 zone journal_furniture_zone: Accepted Date: 10 December 2019 frontmatter_noise 0.8 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none False False
13 1 11 text Please cite this article as: Yoo A, Go G, Nguyen KT, Lee K, Min H-Ki, Kang B, Kim C-Sei, Han J, Park [189, 876, 1019, 976] frontmatter_noise 0.8 page-1 zone journal_furniture_zone: Please cite this article as: Yoo A, Go G, Nguyen KT, Lee K, frontmatter_noise 0.8 unknown_like none False False
14 1 12 text This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addit [188, 1019, 1004, 1188] frontmatter_noise 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none False False
15 1 13 text © 2019 Published by Elsevier. [189, 1209, 461, 1234] frontmatter_noise 0.8 page-1 zone journal_furniture_zone: © 2019 Published by Elsevier. frontmatter_noise 0.8 frontmatter_main_zone support_like none False False
16 2 0 header Journal Pre-proof [502, 1, 832, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p2 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
17 2 1 text TITLE [76, 101, 146, 128] unknown_structural 0.3 short text, uncertain role unknown_structural 0.3 frontmatter_side_zone support_like short_fragment False True
18 2 2 doc_title Magnetoresponsive Stem Cell Spheroid-based Cartilage Recovery Platform Utilizing Electromagnetic Fie [74, 155, 1028, 268] unknown_structural 0.2 unrecognized label 'doc_title' unknown_structural 0.2 body_zone body_like none False True
19 2 3 text Ami Yoo<sup>a</sup>, †, Gwangjun Go<sup>a</sup>, <sup>b</sup>, †, Kim Tien Nguyen<sup>a</sup>, <sup> [74, 355, 1026, 445] frontmatter_support 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
20 2 4 text a. Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Korea [82, 535, 1028, 621] frontmatter_support 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
21 2 5 text b. School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 6 [81, 645, 1028, 732] frontmatter_support 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
22 2 6 text These authors contributed equally to this work. [75, 811, 548, 843] frontmatter_noise 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; frontmatter_side_zone excluded from body flow frontmatter_noise 0.6 frontmatter_side_zone support_like none False False
23 2 7 text *Corresponding author: judyvet@jnu.ac.kr (J.H.), jop@jnu.ac.kr (J.-O.P.), and eunpyochoi@jnu.ac.kr ( [74, 864, 1032, 953] frontmatter_noise 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; frontmatter_side_zone excluded from body flow frontmatter_noise 0.6 frontmatter_side_zone support_like none False False
24 2 8 paragraph_title Highlights [75, 1115, 188, 1143] structured_insert 0.6 unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level sub_subsection_heading: Highlights sub_subsection_heading 0.6 body_zone heading_like short_fragment False False
25 2 9 text - We propose the use of a magnetoresponsive stem cell spheroid (MR-SCS)-based cartilage recovery pla [109, 1144, 1014, 1253] structured_insert 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none False False
26 2 10 text - Locomotion of MR-SCS that was mediated by the electromagnetic actuationsystem was successfully dem [111, 1278, 966, 1332] structured_insert 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none False False
27 2 11 text - Low-frequency electromagnetic field stimulation of MR-SCS resulted in increased expression levels [110, 1359, 1016, 1414] structured_insert 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none False False
28 3 0 header Journal Pre-proof [503, 1, 831, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p3 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
29 3 1 abstract • Histological evaluation revealed an apparent improvement in the regeneration of cartilage tissue i [112, 101, 1015, 184] abstract_body 0.85 abstract label from Paddle OCR abstract_body 0.85 body_zone body_like none True True
30 3 2 paragraph_title Abstract [74, 262, 191, 297] abstract_heading 0.95 abstract heading abstract_heading 0.95 body_zone heading_like short_fragment True True
31 3 3 abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide a promising source for cartilage tissue regeneration strategie [71, 319, 1033, 1245] abstract_body 0.85 abstract label from Paddle OCR abstract_body 0.85 body_zone body_like none True True
32 3 4 text Keywords: stem cell, cell spheroid, electromagnetic actuation, electromagnetic field stimulation [75, 1321, 1011, 1352] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
33 3 5 paragraph_title 1. Introduction [77, 1434, 264, 1465] section_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 1. Introduction section_heading 0.85 body_zone heading_like heading_numbered True True
34 4 0 paragraph_title Journal Pre-proof [503, 1, 832, 41] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p4 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
35 4 1 text As the world population increases in age and in life expectancy, joint related disorders such as ost [74, 99, 1033, 1351] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
36 4 2 text MSCs provide a promising cell source for cartilage repair due to their self-renewal ability, high pr [74, 1369, 1032, 1457] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
37 5 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 831, 41] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p5 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
38 5 1 text tissues and organs [9]. A number of studies have investigated the applicability of MSCs in regenerat [74, 101, 1033, 524] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
39 5 2 text In an effort to enhance the targeting efficiency of stem cells, several studies have suggested the u [74, 543, 1032, 1186] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
40 5 3 text Given this, the proof of concept of a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-based stem cell delivery syste [75, 1205, 1032, 1456] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
41 6 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 832, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p6 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
42 6 1 text still some unsolved issues associated with long-term safety and efficacy related to these materials. [75, 100, 1032, 687] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
43 6 2 text Currently, stem cell-based tissue engineering strategies that incorporate biochemical and biophysica [75, 709, 1033, 1237] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
44 6 3 text To accomplish this, we propose the use of a magnetoresponsive stem cell spheroid-based cartilage rec [75, 1261, 1032, 1456] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
45 7 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 831, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p7 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
46 7 1 text hundred microns by co-culturing the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) v [75, 101, 1032, 574] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
47 7 2 paragraph_title 2. Experimental section [75, 664, 365, 694] section_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 2. Experimental section section_heading 0.85 reference_like reference_numeric_dot True True
48 7 3 paragraph_title 2.1 Cell culture [76, 726, 241, 754] subsection_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.1 Cell culture subsection_heading 0.85 body_zone heading_like heading_numbered True True
49 7 4 text Mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, VA, U [74, 782, 1032, 1200] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
50 7 5 paragraph_title 2.2 Fabrication and characteristics of MNP labeled MR-SCS [75, 1279, 705, 1305] subsection_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.2 Fabrication and characteristics of MNP labeled MR-SCS subsection_heading 0.85 body_zone body_like heading_numbered True True
51 7 6 text Confluent mouse MSCs were incubated in culture medium containing different concentrations of MNPs (f [74, 1334, 1032, 1475] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
52 8 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 830, 39] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p8 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
53 8 1 text MNPs. The fluidMAG-D is composed of magnetite core and starch surface coating and prepared as a conc [74, 101, 1031, 905] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
54 8 2 paragraph_title 2.3 Chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS [75, 984, 582, 1012] subsection_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.3 Chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS subsection_heading 0.85 body_zone heading_like heading_numbered True True
55 8 3 text The fabricated MR-SCSs were cultured for 3 weeks in chondrogenic differentiation medium composed of [75, 1040, 1033, 1290] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
56 8 4 paragraph_title 2.4 Experimental setup for electromagnetic actuation of the MR-SCS [74, 1371, 791, 1398] subsection_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.4 Experimental setup for electromagnetic actuation of the subsection_heading 0.85 body_zone body_like heading_numbered True True
57 9 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 831, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p9 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
58 9 1 text The electromagnetic actuation of the MR-SCS was conducted using the EMA system that consists of eigh [74, 100, 1032, 685] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
59 9 2 text For the 3D locomotion test of the MR-SCS using the EMA system, a single MR-SCS was placed in the acr [74, 708, 1032, 962] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
60 9 3 paragraph_title 2.5 Experimental setup for low-field electromagnetic stimulation of the MR-SCS [74, 1039, 907, 1068] subsection_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.5 Experimental setup for low-field electromagnetic stimula subsection_heading 0.85 body_zone body_like heading_numbered True True
61 9 4 text For electromagnetic stimulation of the MR-SCS, an LF-EMF stimulation system that consists of two squ [75, 1095, 1032, 1454] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
62 10 0 header Journal Pre-proof [505, 1, 831, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p10 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
63 10 1 text differentiation of MR-SCS, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs occurs at the same ma [75, 102, 1032, 574] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
64 10 2 paragraph_title 2.6 Ex vivo cartilage defect model and implantation of the MR-SCS [74, 653, 771, 681] subsection_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.6 Ex vivo cartilage defect model and implantation of the M subsection_heading 0.85 body_zone body_like heading_numbered True True
65 10 3 text Osteochondral discs (8 mm × 8 mm) were harvested from the medial condyles of porcine femurs using an [74, 709, 1032, 1126] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
66 10 4 paragraph_title 2.7 Gene expression analysis [76, 1206, 376, 1233] subsection_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.7 Gene expression analysis subsection_heading 0.85 body_zone heading_like heading_numbered True True
67 10 5 text To analyze the chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS, relative gene expression changes of chond [75, 1261, 1031, 1455] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
68 11 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 831, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p11 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
69 11 1 text time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using 5 x HOT FIREPol® EvaGreen® qPCR Mix Plus (R [75, 102, 1032, 577] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
70 11 2 paragraph_title 2.8 Histological and immunohistochemical staining analysis [75, 653, 694, 682] subsection_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.8 Histological and immunohistochemical staining analysis subsection_heading 0.85 body_zone body_like heading_numbered True True
71 11 3 text For the histological and immunohistochemical analyses, the MR-SCSs were fixed in 4% formaldehyde for [75, 709, 1032, 1015] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
72 11 4 text For immunohistochemical staining, cryosectioned MR-SCSs were incubated in Anti-COLIIA1 antibody (Abc [75, 1039, 1032, 1347] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
73 11 5 paragraph_title 2.9 Statistical data analysis [76, 1426, 360, 1453] subsection_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.9 Statistical data analysis subsection_heading 0.85 body_zone heading_like heading_numbered True True
74 12 0 header Journal Pre-proof [505, 2, 830, 39] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p12 y=2/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
75 12 1 text All experiments were replicated 3 times and statistical analyses of the in vitro and ex vivo experim [75, 101, 1031, 242] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
76 12 2 paragraph_title 3. Results [76, 323, 200, 351] section_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 3. Results section_heading 0.85 body_zone heading_like heading_numbered True True
77 12 3 paragraph_title 3.1 Morphology and cell viability of the MR-SCS [75, 386, 585, 414] subsection_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 3.1 Morphology and cell viability of the MR-SCS subsection_heading 0.85 body_zone heading_like heading_numbered True True
78 12 4 text Mouse MSCs and ultra-low attachment surface 96-well plates were used to fabricate the magnetorespons [74, 443, 1031, 858] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
79 12 5 text The effect of MNPs on the viability of mouse MSCs in 2D and 3D culture was analyzed using the Alamar [74, 884, 1032, 1467] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
80 13 0 paragraph_title Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 831, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p13 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
81 13 1 text cell/well and after 24 h about $ 2.4 \times 10^4 $ cells/well formed in single 3D spheroid (fig. S3 [75, 99, 1032, 961] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
82 13 2 text Additionally, as shown in Live/Dead cell images, a higher amount of green fluorescent cells (live ce [75, 985, 1033, 1457] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
83 14 0 header Journal Pre-proof [505, 2, 829, 39] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p14 y=2/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
84 14 1 paragraph_title 3.2 Effect of MNPs on chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS [74, 157, 771, 183] subsection_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 3.2 Effect of MNPs on chondrogenic differentiation of the MR subsection_heading 0.85 body_zone body_like heading_numbered True True
85 14 2 text To evaluate the chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS, Alcian blue staining, immunohistochemica [75, 214, 1032, 794] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
86 14 3 paragraph_title 3.3 Manipulation of the MR-SCS using EMA system [75, 875, 624, 903] subsection_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 3.3 Manipulation of the MR-SCS using EMA system subsection_heading 0.85 body_zone heading_like heading_numbered True True
87 14 4 text The electromagnetic actuation of the MR-SCS was performed using the EMA system, as this system can p [75, 931, 1032, 1456] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
88 15 0 header Journal Pre-proof [503, 1, 831, 41] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p15 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
89 15 1 abstract linearly increased at fixed magnetic field (40 mT) and changing gradient magnetic fields (0.9 - 1.8 [70, 92, 1039, 1543] body_paragraph 0.85 abstract label from Paddle OCR abstract_body 0.85 body_zone body_like none True True
90 16 0 paragraph_title Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 832, 41] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p16 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
91 16 1 abstract magnetic chain according to the magnetic field generated by the EMA system. The aggregated MR-SCSs w [74, 98, 1034, 355] body_paragraph 0.85 abstract label from Paddle OCR abstract_body 0.85 body_zone body_like none True True
92 16 2 abstract In an in vivo and clinical tests, the general optical imaging device is not easy to be used for real [74, 377, 1034, 1463] body_paragraph 0.85 abstract label from Paddle OCR abstract_body 0.85 body_zone body_like none True True
93 17 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 831, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p17 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
94 17 1 abstract control and arthroscope imaging to the defect site (Fig. 3h, fig. S13, and video S4, Supporting Info [74, 99, 1034, 298] body_paragraph 0.85 abstract label from Paddle OCR abstract_body 0.85 body_zone body_like none True True
95 17 2 abstract Although the proposed EMA system demonstrated the precise 3D targeting delivery of a small number of [75, 321, 1033, 1352] body_paragraph 0.85 abstract label from Paddle OCR abstract_body 0.85 body_zone body_like none True True
96 17 3 paragraph_title 3.4 Effects of LF-EMF stimulation on in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS [74, 1424, 1009, 1454] subsection_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 3.4 Effects of LF-EMF stimulation on in vitro chondrogenic d subsection_heading 0.85 body_zone body_like heading_numbered True True
97 18 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 831, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p18 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
98 18 1 text To evaluate the effect of LF-EMF stimulation on chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS, immunohi [75, 101, 1032, 740] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
99 18 2 paragraph_title 3.5 Effects of LF-EMF stimulation on ex vivo cartilage regeneration of MR-SCS [74, 819, 900, 846] subsection_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 3.5 Effects of LF-EMF stimulation on ex vivo cartilage regen subsection_heading 0.85 body_zone body_like heading_numbered True True
100 18 3 text We further evaluated the effects of LF-EMF stimulation on ex vivo cartilage regeneration of the MR-S [75, 874, 1032, 1180] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
101 18 4 text After 8 weeks of cultivation with the MR-SCSs, the defective areas of the discs were filled with tis [75, 1207, 1032, 1455] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
102 19 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 831, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p19 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
103 19 1 text stimulated osteochondral discs was significantly higher than that observed in the LF-EMF unstimulate [75, 100, 1032, 244] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
104 19 2 paragraph_title 4. Discussion [76, 323, 240, 352] section_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 4. Discussion section_heading 0.85 body_zone heading_like heading_numbered True True
105 19 3 text In this study, we proposed a novel means of cartilage repair that uses MR-SCS combined with EMA and [74, 390, 1033, 1465] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
106 20 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 831, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p20 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
107 20 1 text cell characteristics and functions [29]. In contrast, the 3D culture of MSCs possesses many advantag [74, 101, 1033, 963] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
108 20 2 text Many studies have the reported toxicity issues of MNPs on MSCs, and most of them resulted non- or ve [74, 985, 1033, 1400] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
109 21 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 831, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p21 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
110 21 1 text $ \mu g $, and these concentrations are relatively low compared to those used by the other research [74, 100, 1028, 186] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
111 21 2 text It is known that MNPs internalize within cells through several endocytosis pathway, such as such as [74, 216, 1033, 1457] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
112 22 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 832, 41] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p22 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
113 22 1 text materials, respective affinity for iron species of the soluble chelators and surface ligands of the [74, 101, 1033, 524] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
114 22 2 text Additionally, controversy remains regarding the possible inhibitory effect of MNP labeling on chondr [74, 543, 1032, 1073] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
115 22 3 text Moreover, external biophysical stimulation by LF-EMF was used successfully for the regeneration of a [75, 1095, 1033, 1456] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
116 23 0 paragraph_title Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 831, 41] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p23 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
117 23 1 text external biophysical stimulation by LF-EMF was used successfully for the regeneration of articular c [73, 97, 1036, 1456] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
118 24 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 1, 831, 41] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p24 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
119 24 1 text MR-SCS appear as continuous tissue in microscopic images obtained after LF-EMF stimulation and in un [75, 99, 1033, 909] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
120 24 2 paragraph_title 4. Conclusion [76, 986, 247, 1016] section_heading 0.85 paragraph_title label with numbering: 4. Conclusion section_heading 0.85 body_zone heading_like heading_numbered True True
121 24 3 text We developed a magnetoresponsive stem cell spheroid-based cartilage recovery platform that can preci [75, 1050, 1033, 1411] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 body_zone body_like none True True
122 25 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 2, 830, 39] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p25 y=2/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
123 25 1 text fields can provide effective potential therapeutic agents to promote the regeneration of damaged tis [75, 100, 1031, 186] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow backmatter_body 0.6 tail_nonref_hold_zone unknown_like none True True
124 25 2 paragraph_title Conflict of Interest [76, 241, 311, 270] section_heading 0.5 backmatter heading on page 25: Conflict of Interest backmatter_heading_candidate 0.8 tail_nonref_hold_zone support_like none True True
125 25 3 text All other authors declare that they have no competing interests. [75, 359, 690, 387] backmatter_body 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow backmatter_body 0.6 tail_nonref_hold_zone unknown_like none True True
126 25 4 paragraph_title Acknowledgments [76, 444, 304, 474] section_heading 0.5 backmatter heading on page 25: Acknowledgments backmatter_heading_candidate 0.8 tail_nonref_hold_zone heading_like short_fragment True True
127 25 5 text A. Yoo and G. Go contributed equally to this work. We thank Medical Microrobot Center of Chonnam Nat [74, 518, 1032, 881] backmatter_body 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow; tail_nonref_hold_zone excluded from body flow backmatter_body 0.6 tail_nonref_hold_zone unknown_like none True True
128 26 0 header Journal Pre-proof [503, 2, 831, 39] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p26 y=2/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
129 26 1 paragraph_title References [75, 102, 216, 133] reference_heading 0.9 references heading: References reference_heading 0.9 heading_like short_fragment True True
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148 27 8 reference_content [18] S. Mayer-Wagner, A. Passberger, B. Sievers, J. Aigner, B. Summer, T.S. Schiergens, et al., Effe [77, 1040, 1028, 1180] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [18] S. Mayer-Wagner, A. Passberger, B. Sievers, J. Aigner, reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
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150 28 0 header Journal Pre-proof [503, 2, 831, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p28 y=2/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
151 28 1 reference_content [20] M. Kallumadil, M. Tada, T. Nakagawa, M. Abe, P. Southern, Q.A. Pankhurst, Suitability of commer [79, 100, 1028, 239] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [20] M. Kallumadil, M. Tada, T. Nakagawa, M. Abe, P. Souther reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
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153 28 3 reference_content [22] J.E. Henrietta, M.-J.M. Eileen, ON THE VISCOSITY AND pH OF SYNOVIAL FLUID AND THE pH OF BLOOD, [77, 378, 1027, 516] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [22] J.E. Henrietta, M.-J.M. Eileen, ON THE VISCOSITY AND pH reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
154 28 4 reference_content [23] D. Choudhury, R. Walker, T. Roy, S. Paul, R. Mootanah, Performance of honed Surface profiles to [77, 543, 1027, 629] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [23] D. Choudhury, R. Walker, T. Roy, S. Paul, R. Mootanah, reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
155 28 5 reference_content [24] C.J. Centeno, D. Busse, J. Kisiday, C. Keohan, M. Freeman, Increased knee cartilage volume in d [77, 654, 1027, 795] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [24] C.J. Centeno, D. Busse, J. Kisiday, C. Keohan, M. Freem reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
156 28 6 reference_content [25] U. Nöth, A.F. Steinert, R.S. Tuan, Technology Insight: adult mesenchymal stem cells for osteoar [79, 820, 1027, 904] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [25] U. Nöth, A.F. Steinert, R.S. Tuan, Technology Insight: reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
157 28 7 reference_content [26] http://www.medi-post.com/front/eng/stemcell/cartistem.do. [78, 930, 699, 961] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [26] http://www.medi-post.com/front/eng/stemcell/cartistem.d reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
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161 29 0 header Journal Pre-proof [503, 2, 831, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p29 y=2/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
162 29 1 reference_content [30] Y. Yamaguchi, J. Ohno, A. Sato, H. Kido, T. Fukushima, Mesenchymal stem cell spheroids exhibit [78, 100, 1028, 239] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [30] Y. Yamaguchi, J. Ohno, A. Sato, H. Kido, T. Fukushima, reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
163 29 2 reference_content [31] U. De Simone, M. Roccio, L. Gribaldo, A. Spinillo, F. Caloni, T. Coccini, Human 3D Cultures as [77, 266, 1028, 405] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [31] U. De Simone, M. Roccio, L. Gribaldo, A. Spinillo, F. C reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
164 29 3 reference_content [32] J. Riegler, A. Liew, S.O. Hynes, D. Ortega, T. O'Brien, R.M. Day, et al., Superparamagnetic iro [79, 431, 1026, 517] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [32] J. Riegler, A. Liew, S.O. Hynes, D. Ortega, T. O'Brien, reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
165 29 4 reference_content [33] S. Saha, X. Yang, S. Tanner, S. Curran, D. Wood, J. Kirkham, The effects of iron oxide incorpor [79, 541, 1027, 627] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [33] S. Saha, X. Yang, S. Tanner, S. Curran, D. Wood, J. Kir reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
166 29 5 reference_content [34] M. Mahmoudi, H. Hofmann, B. Rothen-Rutishauser, A. Petri-Fink, Assessing the in vitro and in vi [77, 652, 1027, 791] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [34] M. Mahmoudi, H. Hofmann, B. Rothen-Rutishauser, A. Petr reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
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172 30 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 2, 831, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p30 y=2/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
173 30 1 reference_content [40] P. Arosio, R. Ingrassia, P. Cavadini, Ferritins: a family of molecules for iron storage, antiox [78, 101, 1028, 238] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [40] P. Arosio, R. Ingrassia, P. Cavadini, Ferritins: a fami reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
174 30 2 reference_content [41] G. Zhao, F. Bou-Abdallah, P. Arosio, S. Levi, C. Janus-Chandler, N.D. Chasteen, Multiple pathwa [77, 266, 1027, 404] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [41] G. Zhao, F. Bou-Abdallah, P. Arosio, S. Levi, C. Janus- reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
175 30 3 reference_content [42] A.S. Arbab, L.B. Wilson, P. Ashari, E.K. Jordan, B.K. Lewis, J.A. Frank, A model of lysosomal m [77, 432, 1028, 573] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [42] A.S. Arbab, L.B. Wilson, P. Ashari, E.K. Jordan, B.K. L reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
176 30 4 reference_content [43] M. Lévy, F. Lagarde, V.-A. Maraloiu, M.-G. Blanchin, F. Gendron, C. Wilhelm, et al., Degradabil [77, 597, 1027, 739] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [43] M. Lévy, F. Lagarde, V.-A. Maraloiu, M.-G. Blanchin, F. reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
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178 30 6 reference_content [45] F. Mazuel, A. Espinosa, N. Luciani, M. Reffay, R. Le Borgne, L. Motte, et al., Massive intracel [76, 930, 1028, 1068] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [45] F. Mazuel, A. Espinosa, N. Luciani, M. Reffay, R. Le Bo reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
179 30 7 reference_content [46] Y.-K. Chang, Y.-P. Liu, J. H Ho, S.-C. Hsu, O. Lee, Amine-surface-modified superparamagnetic ir [77, 1094, 1028, 1234] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [46] Y.-K. Chang, Y.-P. Liu, J. H Ho, S.-C. Hsu, O. Lee, Ami reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
180 30 8 reference_content [47] A. Heymer, D. Haddad, M. Weber, U. Gbureck, P.M. Jakob, J. Eulert, et al., Iron oxide labelling [77, 1261, 1027, 1397] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [47] A. Heymer, D. Haddad, M. Weber, U. Gbureck, P.M. Jakob, reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
181 31 0 header Journal Pre-proof [503, 2, 831, 39] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p31 y=2/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
182 31 1 reference_content [48] X.-h. Jing, L. Yang, X.-j. Duan, B. Xie, W. Chen, Z. Li, et al., In vivo MRI tracking of magnet [78, 100, 1028, 240] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [48] X.-h. Jing, L. Yang, X.-j. Duan, B. Xie, W. Chen, Z. Li reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
183 31 2 reference_content [49] L.-Y. Sun, D.-K. Hsieh, P.-C. Lin, H.-T. Chiu, T.-W. Chiou, Pulsed electromagnetic fields accel [77, 266, 1028, 405] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [49] L.-Y. Sun, D.-K. Hsieh, P.-C. Lin, H.-T. Chiu, T.-W. Ch reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
184 31 3 reference_content [50] S. Mayer-Wagner, A. Passberger, B. Sievers, J. Aigner, B. Summer, T. Schiergens, et al., Effect [77, 432, 1028, 572] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [50] S. Mayer-Wagner, A. Passberger, B. Sievers, J. Aigner, reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
185 31 4 reference_content [51] A. Maziarz, B. Kocan, M. Bester, S. Budzik, M. Cholewa, T. Ochiya, et al., How electromagnetic [79, 597, 1027, 681] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [51] A. Maziarz, B. Kocan, M. Bester, S. Budzik, M. Cholewa, reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
186 31 5 reference_content [52] H. Akiyama, Control of chondrogenesis by the transcription factor SOX92008. [78, 707, 887, 737] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [52] H. Akiyama, Control of chondrogenesis by the transcript reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
187 31 6 reference_content [53] C. Vallbona, C.F. Hazlewood, G. Jurida, Response of pain to static magnetic fields in postpolio [79, 763, 1027, 901] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [53] C. Vallbona, C.F. Hazlewood, G. Jurida, Response of pai reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
188 31 7 reference_content [54] H. Amin, M. Brady, J.-P. St-Pierre, M. M. Stevens, D. R. Overby, C. Ethier, Stimulation of Chon [75, 929, 1030, 1068] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [54] H. Amin, M. Brady, J.-P. St-Pierre, M. M. Stevens, D. R reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
189 31 8 reference_content [55] C.-H. Chen, Y.-S. Lin, Y.-C. Fu, C.K. Wang, S.-C. Wu, G.-J. Wang, et al., Electromagnetic field [76, 1093, 1028, 1232] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [55] C.-H. Chen, Y.-S. Lin, Y.-C. Fu, C.K. Wang, S.-C. Wu, G reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
190 31 9 reference_content [56] S. Muramatsu, M. Wakabayashi, T. Ohno, K. Amano, R. Ooishi, T. Sugahara, et al., Functional Gen [79, 1260, 1027, 1344] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [56] S. Muramatsu, M. Wakabayashi, T. Ohno, K. Amano, R. Ooi reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
191 31 10 reference_content [57] F. Torossian, A. Bisson, J.-P. Vannier, O. Boyer, M. Lamacz, TRPC expression in mesenchymal ste [79, 1369, 1028, 1452] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [57] F. Torossian, A. Bisson, J.-P. Vannier, O. Boyer, M. La reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
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193 32 1 reference_content [58] R.G. LeBaron, K.A. Athanasiou, Ex vivo synthesis of articular cartilage, Biomaterials, 21(2000) [77, 99, 1028, 183] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: [58] R.G. LeBaron, K.A. Athanasiou, Ex vivo synthesis of art reference_item 0.85 reference_zone reference_like reference_numeric_bracket True True
194 32 2 paragraph_title Biographies [81, 350, 234, 380] sub_subsection_heading 0.6 unnumbered paragraph_title, inferred level sub_subsection_heading: Biographies sub_subsection_heading 0.6 heading_like short_fragment True True
195 32 3 text Amr Yoo received her B.S. (2010) degrees from the Dep. of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology at Ch [75, 382, 1025, 511] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label; promoted in tail spread from body_paragraph body_paragraph 0.6 reference_zone unknown_like none True True
196 32 4 reference_content Gwangjun Go received his B.S. (2013) and M.S. (2015) degree from the School of Mechanical Engineerin [75, 513, 1018, 619] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: Gwangjun Go received his B.S. (2013) and M.S. (2015) degree reference_item 0.85 reference_zone unknown_like none True True
197 32 5 reference_content Kim Tien Nguyen received a B.S. degree in Dept. of Mechanical Engineering from the Hochiminh Univers [75, 620, 1021, 777] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: Kim Tien Nguyen received a B.S. degree in Dept. of Mechanica reference_item 0.85 unknown_like none True True
198 32 6 reference_content Kyungmin Lee received her B.S. (2013) and M.S. (2018) degrees from the Dept. of Mechatronics Enginee [75, 779, 1021, 937] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: Kyungmin Lee received her B.S. (2013) and M.S. (2018) degree reference_item 0.85 reference_zone unknown_like none True True
199 32 7 reference_content Hyun-Ki Min received his B.S. (2012) degrees from the Division of Biological Science at Wonkwang Uni [75, 937, 994, 1018] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: Hyun-Ki Min received his B.S. (2012) degrees from the Divisi reference_item 0.85 unknown_like none True True
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201 33 1 reference_content of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo). His research interests are fuse micro/nanorobot with biology and [74, 101, 1027, 153] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo). His research interests ar reference_item 0.85 unknown_like none True True
202 33 2 reference_content Byungjeon Kang received his B.S. (2008) and M.S. (2010) degrees in mechanical engineering from the C [76, 155, 1014, 284] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: Byungjeon Kang received his B.S. (2008) and M.S. (2010) degr reference_item 0.85 reference_zone unknown_like none True True
203 33 3 reference_content Chang-Sei Kim received his B.S. (1998), M.S. (2000), and Ph.D. (2011) degrees from the Dept. of Cont [75, 286, 1019, 472] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: Chang-Sei Kim received his B.S. (1998), M.S. (2000), and Ph. reference_item 0.85 reference_zone unknown_like none True True
204 33 4 reference_content Jiwon Han received his B.S. (1998), M.S. (2008), and Ph.D. (2015) degrees from the Dep. of Veterinar [75, 473, 1025, 603] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: Jiwon Han received his B.S. (1998), M.S. (2008), and Ph.D. ( reference_item 0.85 reference_zone unknown_like none True True
205 33 5 reference_content Jong-Oh Park received his B.S. (1978) and M.S. (1981) degrees from the department of mechanical engi [74, 604, 1029, 791] reference_item 0.85 reference content label: Jong-Oh Park received his B.S. (1978) and M.S. (1981) degree reference_item 0.85 reference_zone unknown_like none True True
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207 34 1 text Engineering and a president of Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo). His research inter [82, 100, 1032, 449] body_paragraph 0.6 default body_paragraph for text label body_paragraph 0.6 reference_zone unknown_like none True True
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210 35 2 figure_title Fig. 1. Principle idea of magnetoresponsive stem cell spheroid (MR-SCS)-based cartilage recovery pla [74, 177, 1028, 373] figure_caption_candidate 0.92 figure_title label: Fig. 1. Principle idea of magnetoresponsive stem cell sphero figure_caption 0.92 display_zone legend_like figure_number False False
211 35 3 figure_title Fig. 2. Characterization and chondrogenic differentiation of MR-SCS. (a) Microscopy images and avera [74, 413, 1030, 942] figure_caption_candidate 0.92 figure_title label: Fig. 2. Characterization and chondrogenic differentiation of figure_caption 0.92 display_zone legend_like figure_number False False
212 35 4 figure_title Fig. 3. Magnetic actuation characterization of MR-SCS. (a) Experimental setup of the EMA system. (b) [75, 979, 1032, 1422] figure_caption_candidate 0.92 figure_title label: Fig. 3. Magnetic actuation characterization of MR-SCS. (a) E figure_caption 0.92 display_zone legend_like figure_number False False
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214 36 1 figure_title Fig. 4. Effect of LF-EMF stimulation on MR-SCS. (a) Experimental setup of the LF-EMF stimulation sys [74, 99, 1032, 421] figure_caption_candidate 0.92 figure_title label: Fig. 4. Effect of LF-EMF stimulation on MR-SCS. (a) Experime figure_caption 0.92 display_zone legend_like figure_number False False
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219 37 4 figure_title Fig. 1. Principle idea of magnetoresponsive stem cell spheroid (MR-SCS)-based cartilage recovery pla [74, 478, 1032, 679] figure_caption_candidate 0.92 figure_title label: Fig. 1. Principle idea of magnetoresponsive stem cell sphero figure_caption 0.92 display_zone legend_like figure_number False False
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236 38 16 figure_title (d) [427, 336, 462, 364] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (d) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
237 38 17 image [93, 341, 413, 616] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
238 38 18 image [427, 337, 577, 620] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
239 38 19 image [590, 341, 700, 621] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
240 38 20 image [701, 341, 809, 622] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
241 38 21 image [811, 341, 918, 621] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
242 38 22 image [923, 337, 1028, 620] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
243 38 23 figure_title (e) [95, 637, 127, 667] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (e) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
244 38 24 image [101, 635, 236, 911] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
245 38 25 figure_title (f) [243, 636, 270, 667] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (f) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
246 38 26 image [248, 640, 393, 912] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
247 38 27 image [396, 646, 519, 911] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
248 38 28 figure_title (g) [648, 637, 683, 667] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (g) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
249 38 29 image [522, 648, 641, 912] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
250 38 30 chart [652, 668, 1018, 919] media_asset 0.85 media label: chart media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
251 38 31 figure_title Fig. 2. Characterization and chondrogenic differentiation of MR-SCS. (a) Microscopy images and avera [73, 976, 1032, 1503] figure_caption_candidate 0.92 figure_title label: Fig. 2. Characterization and chondrogenic differentiation of figure_caption 0.92 display_zone legend_like figure_number False False
252 39 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 2, 829, 39] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p39 y=2/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
253 39 1 figure_title (a) [264, 110, 291, 135] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (a) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
254 39 2 image [282, 138, 590, 374] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
255 39 3 figure_title (b) [593, 110, 620, 134] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (b) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
256 39 4 chart [595, 142, 856, 383] media_asset 0.85 media label: chart media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
257 39 5 figure_title (c) [265, 389, 291, 413] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (c) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
258 39 6 image [297, 411, 516, 611] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
259 39 7 figure_title (d) [521, 388, 548, 412] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (d) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
260 39 8 image [296, 623, 517, 799] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
261 39 9 image [537, 411, 859, 665] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
262 39 10 image [536, 670, 855, 801] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
263 39 11 figure_title (e) [264, 813, 291, 838] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (e) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
264 39 12 figure_title (f) [526, 814, 548, 838] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (f) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
265 39 13 image [264, 817, 535, 1150] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
266 39 14 image [554, 816, 855, 1143] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
267 39 15 figure_title (g) [264, 1152, 291, 1178] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (g) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
268 39 16 figure_title (h) [550, 1152, 578, 1177] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (h) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
269 39 17 image [225, 1153, 556, 1443] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
270 39 18 figure_title Knee cartilage [351, 1424, 447, 1443] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: Knee cartilage figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
271 39 19 image [573, 1190, 850, 1428] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
272 40 0 header Journal Pre-proof [503, 1, 831, 41] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p40 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
273 40 1 figure_title Fig. 3. Magnetic actuation characterization of MR-SCS. (a) Experimental setup of the EMA system. (b) [73, 99, 1032, 548] figure_caption_candidate 0.92 figure_title label: Fig. 3. Magnetic actuation characterization of MR-SCS. (a) E figure_caption 0.92 display_zone legend_like figure_number False False
274 41 0 header Journal Pre-proof [504, 2, 829, 40] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p41 y=2/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False
275 41 1 figure_title (a) [234, 107, 266, 136] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (a) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
276 41 2 image [236, 110, 868, 381] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
277 41 3 figure_title (b) [232, 398, 265, 426] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (b) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
278 41 4 image [255, 400, 576, 618] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
279 41 5 figure_title (c) [576, 400, 606, 426] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (c) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
280 41 6 chart [589, 402, 859, 639] media_asset 0.85 media label: chart media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
281 41 7 figure_title (d) [233, 642, 266, 671] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (d) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
282 41 8 image [258, 650, 551, 873] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
283 41 9 image [567, 658, 854, 873] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
284 41 10 figure_title (e) [232, 889, 261, 918] figure_caption_candidate 0.85 figure_title label: (e) figure_caption 0.85 unknown_like short_fragment False False
285 41 11 chart [241, 889, 566, 1112] media_asset 0.85 media label: chart media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
286 41 12 image [601, 882, 851, 1107] media_asset 0.85 media label: image media_asset 0.85 unknown_like empty True True
287 41 13 figure_title Fig. 4. Effect of LF-EMF stimulation on MR-SCS. (a) Experimental setup of the LF-EMF stimulation sys [74, 1169, 1032, 1491] figure_caption_candidate 0.92 figure_title label: Fig. 4. Effect of LF-EMF stimulation on MR-SCS. (a) Experime figure_caption 0.92 display_zone legend_like figure_number False False
288 42 0 header Journal Pre-proof [502, 1, 832, 42] frontmatter_noise 0.98 journal pre-proof running header suppressed: p42 y=1/1584 frontmatter_noise 0.98 preproof_cover_zone unknown_like preproof_marker False False

View file

@ -1,22 +1,243 @@
{
"document": {
"expected_reader_figure_count_min": 3,
"expected_reader_figure_count_min": 4,
"expected_reference_zone": true,
"expected_abstract_span": true
"expected_abstract_span": true,
"notes": [
"IDEAL expectations for DWQQK2YB (Magnetoresponsive Stem Cell Spheroid, Elsevier 2019).",
"raw_label can be paragraph_title; final role should be section_heading/subsection_heading.",
"Title/authors belong to frontmatter artifact zones, not body_zone.",
"Annotated page images (i folder) are the visual ground truth."
]
},
"pages": {
"1": {
"assertions": [
{"text_contains": "Journal Pre-proof", "expected_role": "frontmatter_noise", "expected_zone": "preproof_cover_zone", "notes": "Already correct"},
{"text_contains": "Magnetoresponsive Stem Cell Spheroid", "expected_role": "paper_title", "expected_zone": "frontmatter_main_zone", "must_not_render_as_body": true, "notes": "Real: frontmatter_noise - should be paper_title"},
{"text_contains": "Ami Yoo, Gwangjun Go", "expected_role": "authors", "expected_zone": "frontmatter_main_zone", "must_not_render_as_body": true, "notes": "Real: frontmatter_noise - should be authors"},
{"text_contains": "PII:", "expected_role": "frontmatter_support", "expected_zone": "frontmatter_main_zone", "must_not_render_as_body": true},
{"text_contains": "To appear in:", "expected_role": "frontmatter_support", "expected_zone": "frontmatter_main_zone", "must_not_render_as_body": true},
{"text_contains": "Received Date:", "expected_role": "frontmatter_support", "expected_zone": "frontmatter_main_zone", "must_not_render_as_body": true},
{"text_contains": "2019 Published by Elsevier", "expected_role": "frontmatter_support", "expected_zone": "frontmatter_main_zone", "must_not_render_as_body": true}
]
},
"2": {
"assertions": [
{"text_contains": "Magnetoresponsive Stem Cell Spheroid", "expected_role": "paper_title", "expected_zone": "frontmatter_main_zone", "must_not_render_as_body": true, "notes": "Real: unknown_structural - should be paper_title"},
{"text_contains": "These authors contributed equally", "expected_role": "structured_insert", "expected_zone_any_of": ["frontmatter_side_zone", "frontmatter_main_zone"], "notes": "Real: frontmatter_noise - should be structured_insert"},
{"text_contains": "Corresponding author", "expected_role": "structured_insert", "expected_zone_any_of": ["frontmatter_side_zone", "frontmatter_main_zone"], "notes": "Real: frontmatter_noise - should be structured_insert"},
{"text_equals": "Highlights", "expected_role": "paragraph_title", "expected_zone": "body_zone", "notes": "Real: structured_insert - should be paragraph_title (it's a section label, not a structured insert)"}
]
},
"3": {
"assertions": [
{"text_contains": "Histological evaluation revealed", "expected_role": "body_paragraph", "expected_zone": "body_zone", "notes": "Real: abstract_body - this is Highlights continuation, should be body_paragraph"},
{"text_equals": "Abstract", "expected_role": "paragraph_title", "expected_zone": "body_zone", "notes": "Real: abstract_heading - downstream consumers need paragraph_title"},
{"text_contains": "Mesenchymal stem cells", "expected_role": "abstract_body", "expected_zone": "body_zone"},
{"text_contains": "Keywords:", "expected_role": "structured_insert", "expected_zone": "body_zone", "notes": "Real: body_paragraph - should be structured_insert"},
{"text_equals": "1. Introduction", "expected_role": "section_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone", "notes": "Real: section_heading - this is correct! raw_label=paragraph_title, final role=section_heading"}
]
},
"4": {
"assertions": [
{"text_contains": "As the world population increases", "expected_role": "body_paragraph", "expected_zone": "body_zone"},
{"count_text": {"min": 2, "max": 5}}
]
},
"5": {
"assertions": [
{"text_contains": "tissues and organs", "expected_role": "body_paragraph", "expected_zone": "body_zone"},
{"count_text": {"min": 2, "max": 5}}
]
},
"6": {
"assertions": [
{"text_contains": "still some unsolved issues", "expected_role": "body_paragraph", "expected_zone": "body_zone"},
{"count_text": {"min": 2, "max": 5}}
]
},
"7": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "2. Experimental section", "expected_role": "section_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone", "notes": "Real: section_heading - correct!"},
{"text_equals": "2.1 Cell culture", "expected_role": "subsection_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone", "notes": "Real: subsection_heading - correct!"},
{"text_equals": "2.2 Fabrication and characteristics of MNP labeled MR-SCS", "expected_role": "subsection_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone"}
]
},
"8": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "2.3 Chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS", "expected_role": "subsection_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone"},
{"text_equals": "2.4 Experimental setup for electromagnetic actuation of the MR-SCS", "expected_role": "subsection_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone"}
]
},
"9": {
"assertions": [
{"text_contains": "The electromagnetic actuation of the MR-SCS", "expected_role": "body_paragraph", "expected_zone": "body_zone"},
{"text_equals": "2.5 Experimental setup for low-field electromagnetic stimulation of the MR-SCS", "expected_role": "subsection_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone"}
]
},
"10": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "2.6 Ex vivo cartilage defect model and implantation of the MR-SCS", "expected_role": "subsection_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone"},
{"text_equals": "2.7 Gene expression analysis", "expected_role": "subsection_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone"}
]
},
"11": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "2.8 Histological and immunohistochemical staining analysis", "expected_role": "subsection_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone"},
{"text_equals": "2.9 Statistical data analysis", "expected_role": "subsection_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone"}
]
},
"12": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "3. Results", "expected_role": "section_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone"},
{"text_equals": "3.1 Morphology and cell viability of the MR-SCS", "expected_role": "subsection_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone"}
]
},
"17": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "3.4 Effects of LF-EMF stimulation on in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of the MR-SCS", "expected_role": "subsection_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone"}
]
},
"18": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "3.5 Effects of LF-EMF stimulation on ex vivo cartilage regeneration of MR-SCS", "expected_role": "subsection_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone"}
]
},
"19": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "4. Discussion", "expected_role": "section_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone"}
]
},
"24": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "4. Conclusion", "expected_role": "section_heading", "expected_zone": "body_zone"}
]
},
"25": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "Conflict of Interest", "expected_role": "backmatter_heading", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone", "notes": "Real: section_heading - should be backmatter_heading"},
{"text_contains": "All other authors declare", "expected_role": "backmatter_body", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone"},
{"text_equals": "Acknowledgments", "expected_role": "backmatter_heading", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone", "notes": "Real: section_heading - should be backmatter_heading"},
{"text_contains": "A. Yoo and G. Go contributed equally", "expected_role": "structured_insert", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone", "notes": "Real: backmatter_body - should be structured_insert (equal contribution)"}
]
},
"26": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "References", "expected_role": "reference_heading", "expected_zone": "reference_zone"},
{"count_reference_content": {"min": 8, "max": 12}}
]
},
"27": {
"assertions": [
{"count_reference_content": {"min": 7, "max": 12}}
]
},
"28": {
"assertions": [
{"count_reference_content": {"min": 7, "max": 12}}
]
},
"29": {
"assertions": [
{"count_reference_content": {"min": 7, "max": 12}}
]
},
"30": {
"assertions": [
{"count_reference_content": {"min": 7, "max": 12}}
]
},
"31": {
"assertions": [
{"count_reference_content": {"min": 7, "max": 12}}
]
},
"33": {
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "Biographies", "expected_role": "backmatter_heading", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone", "notes": "CRITICAL BUG: Real pipeline absorbs biographies into reference_zone on page 32. Should be in tail_nonref_hold_zone."},
{"text_contains": "Ami Yoo received", "expected_role": "backmatter_body", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone", "notes": "CRITICAL BUG: Real has role=body_paragraph in reference_zone."},
{"text_contains": "Gwangjun Go received", "expected_role": "backmatter_body", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone", "notes": "CRITICAL BUG: Real has role=reference_item."},
{"text_contains": "Kim Tien Nguyen received", "expected_role": "backmatter_body", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone"},
{"text_contains": "Kyungmin Lee received", "expected_role": "backmatter_body", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone", "notes": "CRITICAL BUG: Real has role=reference_item."},
{"text_contains": "Hyun-Ki Min received", "expected_role": "backmatter_body", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone"}
]
},
"34": {
"assertions": [
{"text_contains": "Byungjeon Kang received", "expected_role": "backmatter_body", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone"},
{"text_contains": "Chang-Sei Kim received", "expected_role": "backmatter_body", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone"},
{"text_contains": "Jiwon Han received", "expected_role": "backmatter_body", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone"},
{"text_contains": "Jong-Oh Park received", "expected_role": "backmatter_body", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone"},
{"text_contains": "Eunpyo Choi received", "expected_role": "backmatter_body", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone"}
]
},
"35": {
"expected_object_ownership": [
{
"object_type": "figure",
"figure_number": 1,
"must_render_as_object": true,
"must_not_render_caption_blocks_as_body": true
}
"assertions": [
{"text_equals": "Table and Figure Captions", "expected_role": "backmatter_heading", "expected_zone": "tail_nonref_hold_zone", "notes": "Real: subsection_heading - should be backmatter_heading"},
{"text_contains": "Fig. 1. Principle idea", "expected_role": "figure_caption", "expected_zone": "display_zone", "notes": "CRITICAL BUG: Real has role=unknown_structural."},
{"text_contains": "Fig. 2. Characterization", "expected_role": "figure_caption", "expected_zone": "display_zone"},
{"text_contains": "Fig. 3. Magnetic actuation", "expected_role": "figure_caption", "expected_zone": "display_zone"}
]
},
"36": {
"assertions": [
{"text_contains": "Fig. 4. Effect of LF-EMF", "expected_role": "figure_caption", "expected_zone": "display_zone"}
]
},
"37": {
"assertions": [
{"text_contains": "Fig. 1. Principle idea", "expected_role": "figure_caption", "expected_zone": "display_zone"}
]
},
"38": {
"assertions": [
{"text_contains": "Fig. 2. Characterization", "expected_role": "figure_caption", "expected_zone": "display_zone"},
{"count_image": {"min": 10, "max": 20}}
]
},
"40": {
"assertions": [
{"text_contains": "Fig. 3. Magnetic actuation", "expected_role": "figure_caption", "expected_zone": "display_zone"}
]
}
},
"expected_render_invariants": [
{"type": "no_duplicate_caption", "caption_regex": "Fig\\.\\s*1"}
"expected_bugs": [
{
"bug": "biography_absorbed_into_references",
"pages": [33, 34],
"description": "All 10 biographies are absorbed into reference_zone. Ami Yoo has role=body_paragraph, Gwangjun Go/Kyungmin Lee have role=reference_item. Should be backmatter_body in tail_nonref_hold_zone.",
"fix": "Biographies section after last reference should trigger tail spread into tail_nonref_hold_zone"
},
{
"bug": "figure_captions_not_recognized",
"pages": [35, 36, 37, 38, 40],
"description": "All figure captions (Fig. 1-4) have role=unknown_structural instead of figure_caption.",
"fix": "Figure captions should be figure_caption in display_zone"
},
{
"bug": "frontmatter_metadata_not_classified",
"pages": [1],
"description": "PII, DOI, To appear in, Received Date, Published by Elsevier are unclassified (no explicit role). Should be frontmatter_support.",
"fix": "Frontmatter support lines need dedicated classification"
},
{
"bug": "paper_title_not_classified",
"pages": [1, 2],
"description": "Title text gets role=frontmatter_noise (page 1) or unknown_structural (page 2) instead of paper_title.",
"fix": "Title detection needs improvement for preproof covers"
},
{
"bug": "authors_not_classified",
"pages": [1],
"description": "Author list gets role=frontmatter_noise instead of authors.",
"fix": "Author detection needs improvement"
},
{
"bug": "backmatter_heading_not_recognized",
"pages": [25, 35],
"description": "Conflict of Interest, Acknowledgments, Table and Figure Captions have role=section_heading/subsection_heading instead of backmatter_heading.",
"fix": "Backmatter headings need dedicated classification"
}
]
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
"""Regenerate block_trace.csv by re-running build_structured_blocks from vault data."""
from __future__ import annotations
import csv
import json
import sys
from pathlib import Path
sys.path.insert(0, r"D:\L\Med\Research\99_System\LiteraturePipeline\github-release\.worktrees\ocr-v2")
from paperforge.worker.ocr_blocks import build_structured_blocks
VAULT_OCR = Path(r"D:\L\OB\Literature-hub\System\PaperForge\ocr")
FIXTURE_ROOT = Path(r"D:\L\Med\Research\99_System\LiteraturePipeline\github-release\.worktrees\ocr-v2\tests\fixtures\ocr_real_papers")
FIELD_NAMES = [
"page", "block_id", "raw_label", "content_preview", "bbox",
"role", "role_confidence", "evidence",
"seed_role", "seed_confidence",
"zone", "style_family", "marker_type",
"render_default", "index_default",
]
def load_jsonl(path: Path) -> list[dict]:
return [json.loads(line) for line in path.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines() if line.strip()]
def load_json(path: Path) -> dict:
return json.loads(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
def regenerate(paper_key: str) -> None:
paper_dir = VAULT_OCR / paper_key
raw_jsonl = paper_dir / "canonical" / "blocks.raw.jsonl"
meta_json = paper_dir / "raw" / "source_metadata.json"
result_json = paper_dir / "json" / "result.json"
if not raw_jsonl.exists():
print(f"Skipping {paper_key}: no blocks.raw.jsonl at {raw_jsonl}")
return
# Load raw blocks
raw_blocks = load_jsonl(raw_jsonl)
print(f"\n=== Regenerating {paper_key} ({len(raw_blocks)} raw blocks) ===")
# Load source metadata
source_metadata = None
if meta_json.exists():
try:
source_metadata = load_json(meta_json)
print(f" Source metadata loaded")
except Exception:
pass
# Run build_structured_blocks
rows, doc_structure = build_structured_blocks(raw_blocks, source_metadata=source_metadata)
if not rows:
print(f" ERROR: No rows returned")
return
# Also load raw block text for fuller content_preview
raw_lookup: dict[tuple[int, int], str] = {}
try:
raw_data = load_json(result_json)
for payload in raw_data:
for res in payload.get("layoutParsingResults", []):
for block in res.get("prunedResult", {}).get("parsing_res_list", []):
page = block.get("page", 0)
bid = block.get("block_id", 0)
if page and bid:
raw_lookup[(page, bid)] = str(block.get("block_content", ""))
except Exception:
pass
# Write block_trace.csv
out_path = FIXTURE_ROOT / paper_key / "block_trace.csv"
with open(out_path, "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8-sig") as f:
writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=FIELD_NAMES)
writer.writeheader()
for row in rows:
page = row.get("page", 0)
bid = row.get("block_id", "")
bbox = row.get("bbox", [0, 0, 0, 0])
raw_content = raw_lookup.get((page, bid), row.get("text", ""))
content_preview = str(raw_content)[:100].replace("\n", " ")
marker = row.get("marker_signature") or {}
writer.writerow({
"page": page,
"block_id": bid,
"raw_label": row.get("raw_label", ""),
"content_preview": content_preview,
"bbox": str(bbox),
"role": row.get("role", ""),
"role_confidence": row.get("role_confidence", 0),
"evidence": "; ".join(row.get("evidence", [])[:3]) if row.get("evidence") else "",
"seed_role": row.get("seed_role", ""),
"seed_confidence": row.get("seed_confidence", 0),
"zone": row.get("zone", ""),
"style_family": row.get("style_family", ""),
"marker_type": marker.get("type", ""),
"render_default": row.get("render_default", False),
"index_default": row.get("index_default", False),
})
# Print role/zone distribution
role_counts: dict[str, int] = {}
zone_counts: dict[str, int] = {}
for row in rows:
role = row.get("role", "unassigned")
zone = row.get("zone", "")
role_counts[role] = role_counts.get(role, 0) + 1
zone_counts[zone] = zone_counts.get(zone, 0) + 1
print(f" Wrote {len(rows)} rows to {out_path.name}")
print(f" Role distribution:")
for role, count in sorted(role_counts.items(), key=lambda x: -x[1]):
print(f" {role:40s} {count}")
print(f" Zone distribution:")
for zone, count in sorted(zone_counts.items(), key=lambda x: -x[1]):
print(f" {zone:40s} {count}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
for key in ["DWQQK2YB", "CAQNW9Q2"]:
regenerate(key)
print("\nDone. Run: python -m pytest tests/test_ocr_trace_vs_expectations.py -s")

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@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Compare real OCR pipeline output (block_trace.csv) against expectations.json.
Usage:
python -m pytest tests/test_ocr_trace_vs_expectations.py -s --timeout=60
python -m pytest tests/test_ocr_trace_vs_expectations.py -k "DWQQK2YB" -s
python -m pytest tests/test_ocr_trace_vs_expectations.py -k "CAQNW9Q2" -s
Each test:
1. Loads block_trace.csv from the real output directory
2. Loads expectations.json from the test fixtures
3. Runs all assertions defined in expectations.json
4. Reports PASS/FAIL per assertion with details
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import csv
import json
import re
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
import pytest
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Config: map paper keys to fixture directory (contains block_trace.csv + expectations.json)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FIXTURE_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "fixtures" / "ocr_real_papers"
PAPER_CONFIGS = {
"DWQQK2YB": FIXTURE_ROOT / "DWQQK2YB",
"CAQNW9Q2": FIXTURE_ROOT / "CAQNW9Q2",
}
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Load block_trace.csv
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def load_trace(trace_path: Path) -> list[dict]:
"""Load block_trace.csv into a list of dicts."""
with open(trace_path, "r", encoding="utf-8-sig") as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
return list(reader)
def get_blocks_on_page(trace: list[dict], page: int) -> list[dict]:
"""Get all blocks on a specific page."""
return [b for b in trace if int(b.get("page", 0)) == page]
def find_block_matching(trace: list[dict], page: int, text_contains: str) -> dict | None:
"""Find the first block on page whose content_preview contains the text."""
blocks = get_blocks_on_page(trace, page)
for b in blocks:
cp = str(b.get("content_preview", "")).lower()
if text_contains.lower() in cp:
return b
return None
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Assertion runners
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class AssertionResult:
def __init__(self, page: int, assertion_type: str, passed: bool, message: str, severity: str = "FAIL"):
self.page = page
self.assertion_type = assertion_type
self.passed = passed
self.message = message
self.severity = severity # FAIL or WARN
def __repr__(self):
status = "PASS" if self.passed else self.severity
return f"[{status}] p{self.page} {self.assertion_type}: {self.message}"
def run_text_equals(trace: list[dict], page: int, text: str, expected_role: str | None = None,
expected_zone: str | None = None, confidence: str = "medium",
notes: str = "") -> AssertionResult:
"""Assert a block with exact text match exists and has correct role/zone."""
block = find_block_matching(trace, page, text)
if block is None:
return AssertionResult(page, "text_equals", False,
f"Block with text '{text[:50]}' NOT FOUND on page {page}",
severity="FAIL")
errors = []
if expected_role and block.get("role") != expected_role:
errors.append(f"role: '{block.get('role')}' != expected '{expected_role}'")
if expected_zone and block.get("zone") != expected_zone:
errors.append(f"zone: '{block.get('zone')}' != expected '{expected_zone}'")
if errors:
return AssertionResult(page, "text_equals", False,
f"'{text[:40]}...' -> {'; '.join(errors)}",
severity="FAIL")
return AssertionResult(page, "text_equals", True,
f"'{text[:50]}' role={block.get('role')} zone={block.get('zone')}")
def run_text_contains(trace: list[dict], page: int, text: str, expected_role: str | None = None,
expected_zone: str | None = None, must_not_role: str | None = None,
notes: str = "") -> AssertionResult:
"""Assert a block containing text exists with correct role/zone."""
block = find_block_matching(trace, page, text)
if block is None:
return AssertionResult(page, "text_contains", False,
f"Block containing '{text[:50]}' NOT FOUND on page {page}",
severity="FAIL")
errors = []
if expected_role and block.get("role") != expected_role:
errors.append(f"role: '{block.get('role')}' != expected '{expected_role}'")
if expected_zone and block.get("zone") != expected_zone:
errors.append(f"zone: '{block.get('zone')}' != expected '{expected_zone}'")
if must_not_role and block.get("role") == must_not_role:
errors.append(f"role must NOT be '{must_not_role}' but got '{block.get('role')}'")
if errors:
return AssertionResult(page, "text_contains", False,
f"'{text[:40]}...' -> {'; '.join(errors)}",
severity="FAIL")
return AssertionResult(page, "text_contains", True,
f"'{text[:50]}' role={block.get('role')} zone={block.get('zone')}")
def run_count_assertion(trace: list[dict], page: int, count_type: str,
min_count: int | None = None, max_count: int | None = None) -> AssertionResult:
"""Assert count of a specific block type on a page."""
blocks = get_blocks_on_page(trace, page)
if count_type == "text":
count = sum(1 for b in blocks if b.get("raw_label") == "text")
elif count_type == "figure_title":
count = sum(1 for b in blocks if b.get("raw_label") in ("figure_title", "figure_caption")
or b.get("role") in ("figure_title", "figure_caption"))
elif count_type == "reference_content":
count = sum(1 for b in blocks if b.get("role") == "reference_item")
elif count_type == "image":
count = sum(1 for b in blocks if b.get("raw_label") == "image")
elif count_type == "chart":
# Charts often appear as image blocks with chart-like content
count = sum(1 for b in blocks if b.get("raw_label") == "image"
and any(kw in str(b.get("content_preview", "")).lower()
for kw in ["chart", "graph", "bar", "plot"]))
elif count_type == "all":
count = len(blocks)
else:
return AssertionResult(page, f"count_{count_type}", False,
f"Unknown count type: {count_type}", severity="FAIL")
errors = []
if min_count is not None and count < min_count:
errors.append(f"count {count} < min {min_count}")
if max_count is not None and count > max_count:
errors.append(f"count {count} > max {max_count}")
if errors:
return AssertionResult(page, f"count_{count_type}", False,
f"{'; '.join(errors)} (actual={count})",
severity="WARN")
return AssertionResult(page, f"count_{count_type}", True,
f"count={count} (range [{min_count or 0}, {max_count or 'inf'}])")
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main test logic
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def run_expectations_test(paper_key: str) -> list[AssertionResult]:
"""Load trace + expectations, run all assertions, return results."""
fixture_dir = PAPER_CONFIGS[paper_key]
trace_path = fixture_dir / "block_trace.csv"
expectations_path = fixture_dir / "expectations.json"
assert trace_path.exists(), f"block_trace.csv not found: {trace_path}"
assert expectations_path.exists(), f"expectations.json not found: {expectations_path}"
trace = load_trace(trace_path)
with open(expectations_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
expectations = json.load(f)
results: list[AssertionResult] = []
# Run page-level assertions
pages_exp = expectations.get("pages", {})
for page_str, page_exp in pages_exp.items():
page_num = int(page_str)
for assertion in page_exp.get("assertions", []):
# text_equals assertion
if "text_equals" in assertion:
r = run_text_equals(
trace, page_num, assertion["text_equals"],
expected_role=assertion.get("expected_role"),
expected_zone=assertion.get("expected_zone"),
notes=assertion.get("notes", ""),
)
results.append(r)
# text_contains assertion
if "text_contains" in assertion:
r = run_text_contains(
trace, page_num, assertion["text_contains"],
expected_role=assertion.get("expected_role"),
expected_zone=assertion.get("expected_zone"),
must_not_role=assertion.get("must_not_role"),
notes=assertion.get("notes", ""),
)
results.append(r)
# count_text assertion
if "count_text" in assertion:
ct = assertion["count_text"]
r = run_count_assertion(trace, page_num, "text",
min_count=ct.get("min"), max_count=ct.get("max"))
results.append(r)
# count_figure_title assertion
if "count_figure_title" in assertion:
ct = assertion["count_figure_title"]
r = run_count_assertion(trace, page_num, "figure_title",
min_count=ct.get("min"), max_count=ct.get("max"))
results.append(r)
# count_reference_content assertion
if "count_reference_content" in assertion:
ct = assertion["count_reference_content"]
r = run_count_assertion(trace, page_num, "reference_content",
min_count=ct.get("min"), max_count=ct.get("max"))
results.append(r)
# count_image assertion
if "count_image" in assertion:
ct = assertion["count_image"]
r = run_count_assertion(trace, page_num, "image",
min_count=ct.get("min"), max_count=ct.get("max"))
results.append(r)
# count_chart assertion
if "count_chart" in assertion:
ct = assertion["count_chart"]
r = run_count_assertion(trace, page_num, "chart",
min_count=ct.get("min"), max_count=ct.get("max"))
results.append(r)
# count_all assertion
if "count_all" in assertion:
ct = assertion["count_all"]
r = run_count_assertion(trace, page_num, "all",
min_count=ct.get("min"), max_count=ct.get("max"))
results.append(r)
return results
def format_results_report(paper_key: str, results: list[AssertionResult]) -> str:
"""Format results into a readable report."""
lines = []
lines.append("=" * 70)
lines.append(f"TRACE vs EXPECTATIONS REPORT: {paper_key}")
lines.append("=" * 70)
passed = [r for r in results if r.passed]
failed = [r for r in results if not r.passed]
lines.append(f"\nTotal: {len(results)} assertions | PASS: {len(passed)} | FAIL: {len(failed)}")
lines.append("")
if failed:
lines.append("--- FAILURES ---")
by_page: dict[int, list[AssertionResult]] = {}
for r in failed:
by_page.setdefault(r.page, []).append(r)
for pg in sorted(by_page):
lines.append(f"\n Page {pg}:")
for r in by_page[pg]:
lines.append(f" [{r.severity}] {r.assertion_type}: {r.message}")
lines.append("")
if passed:
lines.append(f"--- PASS ({len(passed)}) ---")
for r in passed[:20]: # Show first 20 passes
lines.append(f" [OK] p{r.page} {r.assertion_type}: {r.message}")
if len(passed) > 20:
lines.append(f" ... and {len(passed) - 20} more")
lines.append("")
lines.append("=" * 70)
return "\n".join(lines)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Pytest tests
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@pytest.mark.parametrize("paper_key", ["DWQQK2YB", "CAQNW9Q2"])
def test_trace_vs_expectations(paper_key: str) -> None:
"""Compare real block_trace.csv against expectations.json for a paper."""
results = run_expectations_test(paper_key)
report = format_results_report(paper_key, results)
# Print report (will be captured by pytest -s)
print("\n" + report)
# Fail test if any FAIL-level assertions failed
fails = [r for r in results if not r.passed and r.severity == "FAIL"]
if fails:
fail_summary = "\n".join(f" {r}" for r in fails)
pytest.fail(f"{len(fails)} FAIL-level assertions failed:\n{fail_summary}")
@pytest.mark.parametrize("paper_key", ["DWQQK2YB", "CAQNW9Q2"])
def test_trace_role_distribution(paper_key: str) -> None:
"""Print role distribution from real trace for manual review."""
fixture_dir = PAPER_CONFIGS[paper_key]
trace_path = fixture_dir / "block_trace.csv"
if not trace_path.exists():
pytest.skip(f"block_trace.csv not found: {trace_path}")
trace = load_trace(trace_path)
from collections import Counter
role_counts = Counter(b.get("role", "?") for b in trace)
zone_counts = Counter(b.get("zone", "?") for b in trace)
print(f"\n{paper_key} - Role Distribution:")
for role, count in role_counts.most_common():
print(f" {role:35s} {count:4d}")
print(f"\n{paper_key} - Zone Distribution:")
for zone, count in zone_counts.most_common():
print(f" {zone:35s} {count:4d}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
pytest.main([__file__, "-s", "-v", "--timeout=60"])