diff --git a/ISSUES.md b/ISSUES.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4e2154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ISSUES.md
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# Upstream Issues Tracker
+
+Local planning mirror of open issues on the GitHub repo
+(`sbuffkin/hexmaker` — this repo's `origin`). Snapshot taken **2026-06-29**.
+
+This file is a planning aid, not the source of truth — GitHub is. Update the
+**Status** line as work lands. duckmage is ahead of the public issue tracker, so
+several requests are already shipped here.
+
+Status legend: 🔴 not started · 🟡 partial / infra exists · 🟢 done in duckmage · 🔬 research-only
+
+---
+
+## #30 — Draw road and river parallel  🟢 (2026-06-29)
+> If a road and river follow the same path, they are drawn side by side rather
+> than the latter covering the earlier one.
+
+- **Done.** `computeLaneOffsets()` + `offsetPolyline()` in
+  `src/hex-map/hexGeometry.ts`; wired into `renderPathOverlay()`
+  (`src/hex-map/HexMapView.ts`) and the PNG exporter (`src/export/mapPngRenderer.ts`).
+- Chains sharing a *segment* (adjacent-hex pair) are grouped via union-find and
+  given symmetric perpendicular lane offsets (gap = widest stroke + 2px). Chains
+  with no shared segment keep offset 0 → output pixel-identical to before.
+  Perpendicular is direction-canonicalised so reversed chains still split apart.
+- Tests in `tests/hexGeometry.test.ts` (offset math, segment grouping,
+  single-hex-crossing exclusion, reversed-order routes).
+- Verified: type-check + build + 361 tests + eslint all green.
+
+## #29 — Hex flower generation  🔴
+> Dynamically generate a map / "hex flower" so you can roll the "next hex".
+
+- Procedural-generation feature. No infra yet. Larger design effort; the reporter
+  themselves notes a richer palette may serve the same need.
+- **Plan (deferred):** scope as an optional generator command. Revisit after the
+  smaller items clear.
+
+## #27 — Settlement/ruin icons + auto-icon on town create  🟡
+> Where are the screenshot icons? + auto-place an icon (e.g. a black dot) when a
+> town is created.
+
+- Two parts: (a) **docs/help** — point users at the bundled icon set
+  (`src/bundledIcons.ts`, plugin `icons/`); (b) **feature** — auto-stamp an icon
+  override on a hex when a linked town/settlement is added. No auto-icon wiring
+  found in `src/`.
+- **Plan:** (a) is a quick `src/hex-map/help.md` / README note. (b) optional
+  setting "auto-icon on settlement link" with a default dot icon.
+
+## #24 — Tag-based structure (tags instead of hardcoded folders)  🔴
+> Allow tags (e.g. `#Town`, `#Settlement`) as a content source instead of fixed
+> folders, so existing vaults don't have to be reorganised.
+
+- Today all link sources are folder-scoped (`townsFolder`, etc.). No tag-source
+  path in `src/`.
+- **Plan (larger):** add an optional per-section "source = folder | tag" mode.
+  Touches every link picker + enumeration site. Significant; design note first.
+
+## #23 — Image-based backgrounds  🟢 (zoom-drift fix 2026-06-29, needs Mac verify)
+> An image layer under the hex map that zooms/pans with the grid.
+
+- Implemented: bg image layer (`.duckmage-bg-image-layer`), `MapModal`,
+  `newMapFields.ts` background fields, renders in export via `mapPngRenderer.ts`.
+- **Mac zoom-drift bug (user-reported, not locally reproducible):** hex grid
+  shifts off the bg image when zooming. Root cause in `bakeZoom()`
+  (`HexMapView.ts`): grid is `em`/font-size driven, bg is `px`/transform driven;
+  baking grows them through two separate arithmetic paths that only match under
+  exact arithmetic. Device-pixel snapping of the em layout on fractional/Retina
+  DPR (macOS) rounds differently than the smoothly-scaled bg → visible jump on
+  zoom settle. No `navigator.platform`/`devicePixelRatio`/CSS-`zoom` code is
+  involved — it's pure sub-pixel rounding divergence.
+- **Fix:** `scheduleZoomBake()` now skips baking whenever a bg image is present
+  (mirrors calibration-mode behaviour) — zoom stays a single composited viewport
+  `scale()`, so grid + bg scale as one unit and can't drift on any DPR.
+- **Action:** verify on a Mac/Retina display that the grid no longer slips on
+  zoom; then close upstream.
+- **Perf — opening a bg-image map is sluggish (under investigation):**
+  Benchmarked the render path headlessly (`dev/bg-hex-recalc-bench.{html,mjs}`,
+  chult's 63×61 = 3843 hexes). Findings:
+  - Building the 3843 hex DOM nodes ≈ **27 ms/render**, present with **or
+    without** a bg image — this is the dominant main-thread cost and is not
+    bg-specific.
+  - The old `:not([style*="background-color"])` empty-hex selector added
+    **~4–6 ms/render**; switched to a `.duckmage-hex-painted` class selector
+    (`setHexColor` helper) → overhead gone. ✅ landed.
+  - `renderGrid()`'s `viewportEl.empty()` recreated the `<img>` every render,
+    forcing image re-decode/re-raster. Now caches & re-attaches the layer
+    (`bgLayerEl`/`bgLayerSrc`), skipped during calibration. ✅ landed.
+  - Earlier paint hypothesis was **wrong** — the user clarified it stalls on
+    *initial open*, not pan, and it's a regression.
+- **ROOT CAUSE FOUND (regression) — `renderCoordLabelsLayer` layout thrash:**
+  introduced in commit 10475fd (coord label layer). It read each hex's
+  `offsetWidth/Left/Top` and *then created the label DOM inside the same loop* —
+  every read after a write forces a full synchronous layout → **O(n²)**. At
+  chult's 3843 hexes that's a **~21s** main-thread stall on open (the bg only
+  amplifies ~1.1×; the real driver is hex count — chult is just the biggest map
+  AND has a bg). Benchmarked with `dev/coord-label-thrash-bench.{html,mjs}`:
+  thrash 20770ms → batched 105ms (**~198×**).
+  - **Fix (landed):** split read phase from write phase — read all hex geometry
+    into an array first, then create all labels. Matches the read-then-write
+    pattern already used by `renderPathOverlay`/`renderFactionOverlay`.
+  - **Guard (landed):** CLAUDE.md convention forbidding interleaved layout-read /
+    DOM-write in per-hex loops + the committed benchmark as the reproducer.
+
+## #20 — Mobile support  🔬
+> Research feasibility of mobile.
+
+- Research tracking issue. No commitment.
+- **Plan:** audit pointer/hover assumptions and modal sizing; record findings.
+
+## #12 — Exports and imports  🟡
+> Map PNG/JPG export; random-table PDF export; palette/icon export as zip.
+
+- Export subsystem exists: `src/export/` (PDF, PNG, HTML, md serializer; exporters
+  for map+table, random table, single hex/note, workflow).
+- **Gaps:** palette/icon **export-as-zip** and any **import** path not evident.
+- **Plan:** confirm coverage vs the three asks; scope palette/icon bundle
+  export + import separately.
+
+## #10 — Space palette (+ more default palettes)  🟡
+> Add a Space default palette; world/country palette maybe better as map-image link.
+
+- Palette infra supports multiple named presets (`Limited`, `Expanded` in
+  `src/constants.ts`); no `Space` preset yet.
+- **Plan:** add a `SPACE_TERRAIN_PALETTE` preset + register it in
+  `DEFAULT_SETTINGS.terrainPalettes`. Small, additive.
+
+---
+
+### Suggested order (low-hanging first)
+1. **#30** road/river parallel — small, self-contained. (in progress)
+2. **#10** Space palette — additive preset.
+3. **#27a** icon help docs — doc-only.
+4. **#23 / #12** verify-and-close / gap-scope existing features.
+5. **#27b, #24, #29, #20** — larger design work, deferred.
diff --git a/src/export/mapPngRenderer.ts b/src/export/mapPngRenderer.ts
index 388a3b0..a58dc44 100644
--- a/src/export/mapPngRenderer.ts
+++ b/src/export/mapPngRenderer.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ import {
   buildMeanderPts,
   smoothPath,
   sharpPath,
+  offsetPolyline,
+  computeLaneOffsets,
 } from "../hex-map/hexGeometry";
 import { ensureExportFolder } from "./exportFolder";
 import {
@@ -356,30 +358,42 @@ export async function renderMapToPngBlob(
     );
   }
 
-  // Paths
+  // Paths — flatten in draw order, then offset chains that share a route into
+  // parallel lanes so a road and a river on the same hexes render side by side
+  // (issue #30), matching HexMapView's on-screen behaviour.
   if (showPaths) {
-    for (const pt of plugin.settings.pathTypes) {
+    const renderables = plugin.settings.pathTypes.flatMap((pt) =>
+      map.pathChains
+        .filter((c) => c.typeName === pt.name)
+        .map((chain) => ({ chain, pt })),
+    );
+    const laneOffset = computeLaneOffsets(
+      renderables.map((r) => ({
+        hexes: r.chain.hexes,
+        width: r.pt.width,
+        typeName: r.pt.name,
+      })),
+    );
+    renderables.forEach(({ chain, pt }, idx) => {
       const dash = dashFor(pt.lineStyle);
-      const chains = map.pathChains.filter((c) => c.typeName === pt.name);
-      for (const chain of chains) {
-        let pts;
-        let smooth: boolean;
-        if (pt.routing === "edge") {
-          pts = buildEdgePts(chain.hexes, shifted, isFlat, R);
-          smooth = false;
-        } else if (pt.routing === "meander") {
-          pts = buildMeanderPts(chain.hexes, shifted);
-          smooth = true;
-        } else {
-          pts = chain.hexes
-            .map((k) => shifted.get(k))
-            .filter((p): p is { cx: number; cy: number } => !!p);
-          smooth = true;
-        }
-        if (pts.length < 2) continue;
-        drawPath(ctx, pts, pt.color, pt.width, dash, smooth);
+      let pts;
+      let smooth: boolean;
+      if (pt.routing === "edge") {
+        pts = buildEdgePts(chain.hexes, shifted, isFlat, R);
+        smooth = false;
+      } else if (pt.routing === "meander") {
+        pts = buildMeanderPts(chain.hexes, shifted);
+        smooth = true;
+      } else {
+        pts = chain.hexes
+          .map((k) => shifted.get(k))
+          .filter((p): p is { cx: number; cy: number } => !!p);
+        smooth = true;
       }
-    }
+      if (pts.length < 2) return;
+      pts = offsetPolyline(pts, laneOffset[idx]);
+      drawPath(ctx, pts, pt.color, pt.width, dash, smooth);
+    });
   }
 
   return canvas.convertToBlob({ type: "image/png" });
diff --git a/src/hex-map/HexMapView.ts b/src/hex-map/HexMapView.ts
index 14341d2..7cf5292 100644
--- a/src/hex-map/HexMapView.ts
+++ b/src/hex-map/HexMapView.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ import {
   hexNeighbors,
   smoothPath,
   sharpPath,
+  offsetPolyline,
+  computeLaneOffsets,
   buildMeanderPts,
   buildEdgePts,
 } from "./hexGeometry";
@@ -2568,6 +2570,17 @@ export class HexMapView extends ItemView {
     // (instead of baking it into font-size) so the SVG outline overlay,
     // the hex grid, and the bg image all scale together as a single unit.
     if (this.bgCalibrating) return;
+    // Same reasoning whenever a background image is present, but permanently:
+    // baking grows the em-based hex grid via font-size while the px-based bg
+    // image is grown through a separate `* F` multiply (see bakeZoom). Those
+    // two paths only match under exact arithmetic — device-pixel snapping of
+    // the em layout on fractional/Retina DPR (e.g. macOS) rounds differently
+    // than the smoothly-scaled bg transform, so the grid visibly jumps off the
+    // image the instant zoom settles. Keeping zoom as a single composited
+    // viewport scale() makes grid + bg scale as one unit → no drift on any DPR.
+    // Trade-off: hexes upscale via the compositor (slightly soft) at high zoom
+    // over a bg, which is acceptable and matches calibration-mode behaviour.
+    if (this.getActiveMap().backgroundImage) return;
     if (this.zoomSettleTimer !== null) window.clearTimeout(this.zoomSettleTimer);
     // 80ms ≈ 5 frames of quiet — short enough that coords un-blur quickly
     // after a scroll stops, long enough that a continuous wheel stream
@@ -4261,30 +4274,46 @@ export class HexMapView extends ItemView {
     const isFlat = this.plugin.settings.hexOrientation === "flat";
     const hexRadius = isFlat ? hexW / 2 : hexH / 2;
 
-    // Draw all path types in definition order
-    for (const pt of this.plugin.settings.pathTypes) {
-      const typeChains = region.pathChains.filter(
-        (c) => c.typeName === pt.name,
-      );
+    // Flatten every chain into a render list in path-type definition order,
+    // pairing each chain with its resolved type. Stable order = draw order.
+    const renderables = this.plugin.settings.pathTypes.flatMap((pt) =>
+      region.pathChains
+        .filter((c) => c.typeName === pt.name)
+        .map((chain) => ({ chain, pt })),
+    );
+
+    // Assign each chain a perpendicular "lane" offset so chains that share a
+    // route (e.g. a road and a river on the same hexes) render side by side
+    // instead of one stroke covering the other (issue #30). Chains that don't
+    // share any segment with another keep offset 0 → pixel-identical output.
+    const laneOffset = computeLaneOffsets(
+      renderables.map((r) => ({
+        hexes: r.chain.hexes,
+        width: r.pt.width,
+        typeName: r.pt.name,
+      })),
+    );
+
+    renderables.forEach(({ chain, pt }, idx) => {
       const dash = DASH_ARRAYS[pt.lineStyle] ?? "";
-      for (const chain of typeChains) {
-        let pts: { cx: number; cy: number }[];
-        let smooth: boolean;
-        if (pt.routing === "meander") {
-          pts = buildMeanderPts(chain.hexes, centerMap);
-          smooth = true;
-        } else if (pt.routing === "edge") {
-          pts = buildEdgePts(chain.hexes, centerMap, isFlat, hexRadius);
-          smooth = false;
-        } else {
-          pts = chain.hexes
-            .map((k) => centerMap.get(k))
-            .filter((p): p is { cx: number; cy: number } => !!p);
-          smooth = true;
-        }
-        if (pts.length >= 2) appendPath(pts, pt.color, pt.width, dash, smooth);
+      let pts: { cx: number; cy: number }[];
+      let smooth: boolean;
+      if (pt.routing === "meander") {
+        pts = buildMeanderPts(chain.hexes, centerMap);
+        smooth = true;
+      } else if (pt.routing === "edge") {
+        pts = buildEdgePts(chain.hexes, centerMap, isFlat, hexRadius);
+        smooth = false;
+      } else {
+        pts = chain.hexes
+          .map((k) => centerMap.get(k))
+          .filter((p): p is { cx: number; cy: number } => !!p);
+        smooth = true;
       }
-    }
+      if (pts.length < 2) return;
+      pts = offsetPolyline(pts, laneOffset[idx]);
+      appendPath(pts, pt.color, pt.width, dash, smooth);
+    });
 
     // Small circle to mark the active endpoint (only visible in path mode)
     if (this.drawingMode === "path" && this.activePathEnd) {
diff --git a/src/hex-map/hexGeometry.ts b/src/hex-map/hexGeometry.ts
index 54dd457..4f5650b 100644
--- a/src/hex-map/hexGeometry.ts
+++ b/src/hex-map/hexGeometry.ts
@@ -183,6 +183,124 @@ export function sharpPath(pts: Pt[]): string {
   return "M " + pts.map((p) => `${p.cx} ${p.cy}`).join(" L ");
 }
 
+/**
+ * Shift every point of a polyline perpendicular to its local tangent by
+ * `offset` pixels, producing a curve parallel to the original. Used to render
+ * path chains that share the same hexes (e.g. a road and a river on one route)
+ * side by side instead of one stroke covering the other.
+ *
+ * The perpendicular is canonicalised per geometric tangent (independent of the
+ * direction the chain's points were stored in), so two chains tracing the same
+ * route in opposite orders still separate onto opposite sides rather than
+ * landing on top of each other. `offset === 0` returns the input unchanged so
+ * non-overlapping paths render pixel-identically to before.
+ */
+export function offsetPolyline(pts: Pt[], offset: number): Pt[] {
+  if (offset === 0 || pts.length < 2) return pts;
+  return pts.map((p, i) => {
+    const prev = pts[i === 0 ? 0 : i - 1];
+    const next = pts[i === pts.length - 1 ? i : i + 1];
+    let tx = next.cx - prev.cx;
+    let ty = next.cy - prev.cy;
+    const len = Math.hypot(tx, ty);
+    if (len === 0) return p;
+    tx /= len;
+    ty /= len;
+    // Canonicalise tangent direction so the perpendicular at a given point on
+    // the route is the same no matter which way the chain runs.
+    if (tx < 0 || (tx === 0 && ty < 0)) {
+      tx = -tx;
+      ty = -ty;
+    }
+    // Perpendicular = tangent rotated 90°: (-ty, tx).
+    return { cx: p.cx + -ty * offset, cy: p.cy + tx * offset };
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assign each path chain a perpendicular "lane" offset (in pixels) so chains of
+ * *different* types that share a route render side by side rather than one
+ * stroke covering the other (issue #30).
+ *
+ * Two chains are considered to share a route when they share at least one
+ * *segment* — an unordered pair of adjacent hexes — not merely a single hex, so
+ * paths that only cross at one cell are left untouched. Chains linked through
+ * shared segments are grouped (transitively, via union-find).
+ *
+ * Within a group, lanes are assigned **per distinct path type**, not per chain:
+ * chains of the *same* type share a lane (offset) so overlaid same-type paths
+ * (e.g. two rivers tracing one route) merge into a single stroke, while
+ * different types fan out into separate lanes. A group containing only one type
+ * gets no offset. Lanes are centred on zero: `(lane - (T-1)/2) * gap` for T
+ * distinct types, where `gap` is the widest stroke in the group plus a small
+ * margin. A chain sharing no segment with any other keeps offset 0, so the
+ * common single-path case renders pixel-identically to before. `chains` order
+ * is the draw order and decides lane order (earlier type → more negative).
+ */
+export function computeLaneOffsets(
+  chains: { hexes: string[]; width: number; typeName: string }[],
+): number[] {
+  const n = chains.length;
+  const offsets = new Array<number>(n).fill(0);
+  if (n < 2) return offsets;
+
+  // Canonical (direction-independent) segment keys for each chain.
+  const segSets = chains.map((c) => {
+    const s = new Set<string>();
+    for (let i = 0; i < c.hexes.length - 1; i++) {
+      const a = c.hexes[i];
+      const b = c.hexes[i + 1];
+      s.add(a < b ? `${a}|${b}` : `${b}|${a}`);
+    }
+    return s;
+  });
+
+  // Union-find: group chains that share ≥1 segment.
+  const parent = Array.from({ length: n }, (_, i) => i);
+  const find = (i: number): number =>
+    parent[i] === i ? i : (parent[i] = find(parent[i]));
+  const union = (a: number, b: number) => {
+    parent[find(a)] = find(b);
+  };
+  const segOwner = new Map<string, number>();
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    for (const seg of segSets[i]) {
+      const owner = segOwner.get(seg);
+      if (owner === undefined) segOwner.set(seg, i);
+      else union(owner, i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Bucket by group root, preserving draw order within each group.
+  const groups = new Map<number, number[]>();
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const root = find(i);
+    const g = groups.get(root);
+    if (g) g.push(i);
+    else groups.set(root, [i]);
+  }
+
+  for (const members of groups.values()) {
+    // Distinct types in this group, in first-seen (draw) order.
+    const laneOfType = new Map<string, number>();
+    for (const i of members) {
+      if (!laneOfType.has(chains[i].typeName)) {
+        laneOfType.set(chains[i].typeName, laneOfType.size);
+      }
+    }
+    if (laneOfType.size < 2) continue; // single type → merge, no offset
+    const maxWidth = Math.max(...members.map((i) => chains[i].width));
+    const gap = maxWidth + 2;
+    const mid = (laneOfType.size - 1) / 2;
+    for (const i of members) {
+      const lane = laneOfType.get(chains[i].typeName) ?? 0;
+      offsets[i] = (lane - mid) * gap;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return offsets;
+}
+
 // ── Chain routing helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 /**
diff --git a/tests/hexGeometry.test.ts b/tests/hexGeometry.test.ts
index f835273..736ee91 100644
--- a/tests/hexGeometry.test.ts
+++ b/tests/hexGeometry.test.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import {
   hexCenter,
   hexPolygonPoints,
   gridBoundingBox,
+  offsetPolyline,
+  computeLaneOffsets,
 } from "../src/hex-map/hexGeometry";
 
 const SQRT3 = Math.sqrt(3);
@@ -136,3 +138,125 @@ describe("gridBoundingBox", () => {
     expect(height).toBeLessThan(400);
   });
 });
+
+describe("offsetPolyline", () => {
+  it("returns the input unchanged when offset is 0", () => {
+    const pts = [
+      { cx: 0, cy: 0 },
+      { cx: 10, cy: 0 },
+    ];
+    expect(offsetPolyline(pts, 0)).toBe(pts);
+  });
+
+  it("returns the input unchanged for fewer than 2 points", () => {
+    const pts = [{ cx: 5, cy: 5 }];
+    expect(offsetPolyline(pts, 4)).toBe(pts);
+  });
+
+  it("shifts a horizontal line perpendicular (downward in screen coords)", () => {
+    // Tangent +x → perpendicular (-ty, tx) = (0, +1) → shifts +y.
+    const out = offsetPolyline(
+      [
+        { cx: 0, cy: 0 },
+        { cx: 10, cy: 0 },
+        { cx: 20, cy: 0 },
+      ],
+      3,
+    );
+    out.forEach((p) => expect(close(p.cy, 3)).toBe(true));
+    expect(close(out[0].cx, 0)).toBe(true);
+    expect(close(out[2].cx, 20)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("puts opposite-direction chains on opposite sides for matching offsets", () => {
+    const forward = [
+      { cx: 0, cy: 0 },
+      { cx: 10, cy: 0 },
+    ];
+    const backward = [
+      { cx: 10, cy: 0 },
+      { cx: 0, cy: 0 },
+    ];
+    // Same geometric route, stored reversed. With the SAME offset value the
+    // canonicalised perpendicular must land them on the same physical side.
+    const a = offsetPolyline(forward, 3);
+    const b = offsetPolyline(backward, 3);
+    a.forEach((p) => expect(close(p.cy, 3)).toBe(true));
+    b.forEach((p) => expect(close(p.cy, 3)).toBe(true));
+  });
+});
+
+describe("computeLaneOffsets", () => {
+  it("returns all-zero for fewer than 2 chains", () => {
+    expect(computeLaneOffsets([])).toEqual([]);
+    expect(
+      computeLaneOffsets([
+        { hexes: ["0_0", "1_0"], width: 4, typeName: "river" },
+      ]),
+    ).toEqual([0]);
+  });
+
+  it("leaves non-overlapping chains at offset 0", () => {
+    const out = computeLaneOffsets([
+      { hexes: ["0_0", "1_0"], width: 4, typeName: "road" },
+      { hexes: ["5_5", "6_5"], width: 4, typeName: "river" },
+    ]);
+    expect(out).toEqual([0, 0]);
+  });
+
+  it("splits two DIFFERENT-type chains sharing a segment into symmetric lanes", () => {
+    const out = computeLaneOffsets([
+      { hexes: ["0_0", "1_0", "2_0"], width: 4, typeName: "road" },
+      { hexes: ["0_0", "1_0", "2_0"], width: 4, typeName: "river" },
+    ]);
+    // 2 distinct types, gap = maxWidth(4) + 2 = 6, mid = 0.5 → offsets -3, +3.
+    expect(out).toEqual([-3, 3]);
+  });
+
+  it("MERGES same-type chains on the same route (no offset)", () => {
+    const out = computeLaneOffsets([
+      { hexes: ["0_0", "1_0", "2_0"], width: 4, typeName: "river" },
+      { hexes: ["0_0", "1_0", "2_0"], width: 4, typeName: "river" },
+    ]);
+    // Single distinct type in the group → both stay centred so they overlap.
+    expect(out).toEqual([0, 0]);
+  });
+
+  it("merges same-type but still offsets a different type sharing the route", () => {
+    const out = computeLaneOffsets([
+      { hexes: ["0_0", "1_0", "2_0"], width: 4, typeName: "river" },
+      { hexes: ["0_0", "1_0", "2_0"], width: 4, typeName: "river" },
+      { hexes: ["0_0", "1_0", "2_0"], width: 4, typeName: "road" },
+    ]);
+    // 2 distinct types (river lane 0, road lane 1), mid = 0.5, gap = 6.
+    // Both rivers share the river lane → -3; the road → +3.
+    expect(out).toEqual([-3, -3, 3]);
+  });
+
+  it("treats reversed hex order as the same route (shared segment)", () => {
+    const out = computeLaneOffsets([
+      { hexes: ["0_0", "1_0", "2_0"], width: 4, typeName: "road" },
+      { hexes: ["2_0", "1_0", "0_0"], width: 4, typeName: "river" },
+    ]);
+    expect(out).toEqual([-3, 3]);
+  });
+
+  it("does not split chains that merely cross at a single hex", () => {
+    const out = computeLaneOffsets([
+      { hexes: ["0_0", "1_1"], width: 4, typeName: "road" },
+      { hexes: ["1_1", "2_2"], width: 4, typeName: "river" },
+    ]);
+    // They share hex 1_1 but no common segment → no offset.
+    expect(out).toEqual([0, 0]);
+  });
+
+  it("fans three distinct types sharing a route into three centred lanes", () => {
+    const out = computeLaneOffsets([
+      { hexes: ["0_0", "1_0", "2_0"], width: 4, typeName: "road" },
+      { hexes: ["0_0", "1_0", "2_0"], width: 4, typeName: "river" },
+      { hexes: ["0_0", "1_0", "2_0"], width: 4, typeName: "trail" },
+    ]);
+    // 3 distinct types, gap = 6, mid = 1 → lanes -6, 0, +6.
+    expect(out).toEqual([-6, 0, 6]);
+  });
+});