lllin000_PaperForge/audit/24YKLTHQ/block_trace.csv

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3	1	1	header	VISIÓN ELECTRÓNICA VOL. 14 NO. 1 (2020) ● JANUARY ● P.P. 6-18 ● ISSN 1909-9746 ● ISSN-E 2248-4728 ● Bogotá (Colombia)	[109.0, 94.0, 996.0, 114.0]	noise	0.9	["header label"]	noise	0.9	frontmatter_main_zone	support_like	none	False	False
4	1	2	header	UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSE DE CALDAS	[135.0, 272.0, 311.0, 309.0]	noise	0.9	["header label"]	noise	0.9	frontmatter_main_zone	support_like	none	False	False
5	1	3	header	Vision Electrónica Más que un estado sólido	[398.0, 157.0, 719.0, 224.0]	noise	0.9	["header label"]	noise	0.9	frontmatter_main_zone	support_like	none	False	False
6	1	4	header	https://doi.org/10.14483/issn.2248-4728	[382.0, 241.0, 723.0, 263.0]	noise	0.9	["header label"]	noise	0.9	frontmatter_main_zone	support_like	none	False	False
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8	1	6	text	VISIÓN ELECTRÓNICA	[820.0, 280.0, 1054.0, 308.0]	unknown_structural	0.3	["short text, uncertain role"]	unknown_structural	0.3	frontmatter_main_zone	support_like	short_fragment	False	True
9	1	7	text	A RESEARCH VISION	[924.0, 338.0, 1107.0, 359.0]	authors	0.6	["page-1 initial-lastname author byline: A RESEARCH VISION"]	authors	0.6	frontmatter_main_zone	support_like	short_fragment	True	True
10	1	8	doc_title	The effect of frequency in the electrical stimulation of chondrocytes	[225.0, 356.0, 1011.0, 412.0]	paper_title	0.6	["page-1 frontmatter title guard: The effect of frequency in the electrical stimulation of cho"]	paper_title	0.6	frontmatter_main_zone	support_like	none	True	True
11	1	9	text	El efecto de la frecuencia en la estimulación eléctrica de condrocitos	[201.0, 413.0, 1047.0, 445.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	frontmatter_main_zone	support_like	none	True	True
12	1	10	text	Juan Jairo Vaca-González $ ^{ID1} $, Juan Felipe Escobar-Huertas $ ^{ID2} $, Diego Alexander Garzón-Alvarado $ ^{ID3} $	[110.0, 459.0, 1130.0, 486.0]	authors	0.8	["page-1 zone author_zone: Juan Jairo Vaca-Gonz\u00e1lez $ ^{ID1} $, Juan Felipe Escobar-Hue"]	authors	0.8	frontmatter_main_zone	support_like	none	True	True
13	1	11	paragraph_title	INFORMACIÓN DEL ARTÍCULO	[111.0, 507.0, 380.0, 531.0]	section_heading	0.5	["unnumbered paragraph_title on page 1 outside title zone: INFORMACI\u00d3N DEL ART\u00cdCULO"]	section_heading	0.5	body_zone	heading_like	none	True	True
14	1	12	text	Historia del artículo: Enviado: 03/04/2020 Recibido: 17/04/2020 Aceptado: 28/05/2020	[111.0, 544.0, 293.0, 638.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
15	1	13	text	Keywords: Cartilage Explants Chondrocytes Computational model Electric Fields Frequency Dependence Scaffolds	[110.0, 666.0, 288.0, 828.0]	frontmatter_noise	0.7	["frontmatter noise text: Keywords:\nCartilage Explants\nChondrocytes\nComputational mode"]	frontmatter_noise	0.7	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
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17	1	15	text	Palabras clave: Explantes de Cartílago Condrocitos Modelo Computacional Campos Eléctricos Dependencia de la Frecuencia Andamios	[109.0, 964.0, 341.0, 1125.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
18	1	16	paragraph_title	ABSTRACT	[442.0, 506.0, 543.0, 527.0]	abstract_heading	0.95	["abstract heading"]	abstract_heading	0.95	frontmatter_main_zone	heading_like	short_fragment	True	True
19	1	17	abstract	Electrical stimulation is a non-invasive therapy used to stimulate chondrocyte dynamics: proliferation, migration, morphology and molecular synthesis. Some studies have evidenced the role of frequency	[439.0, 536.0, 1117.0, 916.0]	body_paragraph	0.85	["abstract label from Paddle OCR"]	abstract_body	0.85	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
20	1	18	paragraph_title	RESUMEN	[442.0, 924.0, 534.0, 944.0]	unknown_structural	0.6	["author byline on page 1, assigned as authors: RESUMEN"]	authors	0.6	body_zone	heading_like	short_fragment	False	True
21	1	19	text	La estimulación eléctrica es una terapia no invasiva utilizada para estimular la dinámica de los condrocitos: proliferación, migración, morfología y síntesis molecular. Algunos estudios han evidenciad	[438.0, 958.0, 1116.0, 1385.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
22	1	20	footnote	$ ^{1} $School of Health and Sports Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá, Colombia. E-mail: jvaca8@areandina.edu.co	[137.0, 1385.0, 1086.0, 1406.0]	footnote	0.7	["footnote label: $ ^{1} $School of Health and Sports Sciences, Fundaci\u00f3n Univ"]	footnote	0.7	body_zone	body_like	affiliation_marker	True	True
23	1	21	footnote	²Research group in Design, Analysis and Development of Engineering Systems – GIDAD, Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores, Bogotá, Colombia. E-mail: jfescobarh@libertadores.edu.co	[112.0, 1405.0, 1113.0, 1438.0]	footnote	0.7	["footnote label: \u00b2Research group in Design, Analysis and Development of Engin"]	footnote	0.7	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
24	1	22	footnote	$ ^{3} $Modeling and Numerical Methods in Engineering Research Group (GNUM) and Biomimetics Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. E-mail: dagarzona@	[109.0, 1439.0, 1114.0, 1475.0]	footnote	0.7	["footnote label: $ ^{3} $Modeling and Numerical Methods in Engineering Resear"]	footnote	0.7	body_zone	body_like	affiliation_marker	True	True
25	1	23	footnote	Cité this article as: J. J. Vaca-González, J. F. Escobar-Huertas and D. A. Garzón-Alvarado, “The effect of frequency in the electrical stimulation of chondrocytes”, Vision electronica, vol. 14, no. 1,	[109.0, 1475.0, 1107.0, 1516.0]	frontmatter_noise	0.8	["page-1 zone journal_furniture_zone: Cit\u00e9 this article as: J. J. Vaca-Gonz\u00e1lez, J. F. Escobar-Hue"]	frontmatter_noise	0.8	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
26	2	0	number	7	[111.0, 100.0, 125.0, 115.0]	noise	0.9	["page number label"]	noise	0.9	frontmatter_side_zone	support_like	short_fragment	False	False
27	2	1	header	J. J. VACA-GONZÁLEZ, J. F. ESCOBAR-HUERTAS AND D. A. GARZÓN-ALVARADO	[590.0, 95.0, 1115.0, 114.0]	noise	0.9	["header label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
28	2	2	paragraph_title	1. Introduction	[108.0, 151.0, 285.0, 175.0]	section_heading	0.85	["paragraph_title label with numbering: 1. Introduction"]	section_heading	0.85	frontmatter_side_zone	heading_like	heading_numbered	True	True
29	2	3	text	Hyaline cartilage is an avascular tissue composed by a single cell type, the chondrocyte [1]. This cell is responsible for synthesizing the main macromolecules located in the cartilaginous tissue: col	[106.0, 204.0, 607.0, 566.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
30	2	4	text	Considering that hyaline cartilage responds to external biophysical stimuli, it has been demonstrated that tissue dynamics are modified when electric fields (EFs) are applied. For instance, in vitro a	[106.0, 589.0, 606.0, 1264.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
31	2	5	text	the charging time of the cell membrane; therefore, cells immersed in this kind of medium need to be stimulated with higher EFs to induce electroporation in the cell membrane [25]. In a study carried o	[106.0, 1262.0, 606.0, 1432.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
32	2	6	text	of the transmembrane potential on prolate and oblate spheroidal cells stimulated with EFs. Results evidenced that the transmembrane potential strongly depends on the cell orientation when a cell is be	[614.0, 151.0, 1117.0, 441.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
33	2	7	text	Even though the computational models evidenced that transmembrane potential vary according to cell shape, size and orientation, the models did not consider different frequencies and dielectric propert	[614.0, 470.0, 1118.0, 1428.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
34	2	8	footer	Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas - Facultad tecnológica	[594.0, 1477.0, 1115.0, 1498.0]	noise	0.9	["footer label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
35	3	0	header	THE EFFECT OF FREQUENCY IN THE ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF CHONDROCYTES	[108.0, 96.0, 640.0, 114.0]	noise	0.9	["header label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
36	3	1	number	8	[1100.0, 100.0, 1113.0, 114.0]	noise	0.9	["page number label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	short_fragment	False	False
37	3	2	text	to the ossification of the explant. The findings derived from this computational model could be used to estimate the EFs desired to trigger intracellular responses from the cell. In fact, it has been	[106.0, 144.0, 606.0, 410.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
38	3	3	paragraph_title	2. Materials and Methods	[107.0, 437.0, 393.0, 461.0]	section_heading	0.85	["paragraph_title label with numbering: 2. Materials and Methods"]	section_heading	0.85	body_zone	heading_like	heading_numbered	True	True
39	3	4	paragraph_title	2.1. Geometrical models and boundary conditions	[107.0, 480.0, 565.0, 505.0]	subsection_heading	0.85	["paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.1. Geometrical models and boundary conditions"]	subsection_heading	0.85	body_zone	heading_like	heading_numbered	True	True
40	3	5	text	A bi-dimensional axisymmetric domain was implemented to represent the capacitive coupled system. The capacitive coupled system is composed of two parallel stainless-steel electrodes, which are located	[106.0, 524.0, 607.0, 646.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
41	3	6	text	media and biological samples were placed within the culture well plate, respectively (Figure 1). In this study, biological samples were modelled using two different well plate dimensions according to p	[614.0, 144.0, 1117.0, 624.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
42	3	7	figure_title	Figure 1: Geometries used for computational simulations. A) Culture well plate used for electrical stimulations. B) Three-dimensional representative scheme of the three culture systems simulated. C) R	[106.0, 657.0, 1115.0, 730.0]	figure_caption	0.92	["figure_title label: Figure 1: Geometries used for computational simulations. A) "]	figure_caption	0.92	display_zone	legend_like	figure_number	True	True
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45	3	10	footer	Visión Electrónica Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020) • January • p.p. 6-18 • ISSN 1909-9746 • ISSN-E 2248-4728 • Bogotá (Colombia)	[110.0, 1477.0, 1040.0, 1499.0]	noise	0.9	["footer label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
46	4	0	number	9	[111.0, 100.0, 125.0, 115.0]	noise	0.9	["page number label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	short_fragment	False	False
47	4	1	header	J. J. VACA-GONZÁLEZ, J. F. ESCOBAR-HUERTAS AND D. A. GARZÓN-ALVARADO	[590.0, 95.0, 1114.0, 113.0]	noise	0.9	["header label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
48	4	2	figure_title	Table 1: Dielectric properties and measurements of the capacitive coupled system.	[245.0, 160.0, 977.0, 184.0]	table_caption	0.9	["table prefix matched: Table 1: Dielectric properties and measurements of the capac"]	table_caption	0.9	display_zone	table_caption_like	table_number	True	True
49	4	3	table	<table><tr><td>Component</td><td>Parameter</td><td>Value</td><td>Reference</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">Stainless-steel electrode</td><td>Separation</td><td>20 [mm]</td><td rowspan="3">[21]</td></tr><	[309.0, 208.0, 915.0, 554.0]	media_asset	0.85	["media label: table"]	media_asset	0.85	body_zone	unknown_like	none	True	True
50	4	4	figure_title	Source: own	[557.0, 560.0, 668.0, 581.0]	figure_caption_candidate	0.85	["figure_title label: Source: own"]	figure_caption	0.85	body_zone	body_like	short_fragment	False	False
51	4	5	figure_title	Table 2: Dielectric constants of the biological samples.	[366.0, 598.0, 856.0, 623.0]	table_caption	0.9	["table prefix matched: Table 2: Dielectric constants of the biological samples."]	table_caption	0.9	display_zone	table_caption_like	table_number	True	True
52	4	6	table	<table><tr><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6">Frequency (kHz)</td><td rowspan="2">Reference</td></tr><tr><td>0.01</td><td>1</td><td>10</td><td>50</td><td>100</td><td>1000</td></tr><tr><t	[198.0, 645.0, 1027.0, 973.0]	table_html	0.85	["media label: table"]	media_asset	0.85	body_zone	unknown_like	none	True	True
53	4	7	figure_title	Source: own	[556.0, 984.0, 669.0, 1005.0]	figure_caption	0.85	["figure_title label: Source: own"]	figure_caption	0.85	body_zone	body_like	short_fragment	True	True
54	4	8	paragraph_title	2.2. Estimation of EFs in chondrocytes cultured in monolayer	[110.0, 1030.0, 605.0, 1077.0]	subsection_heading	0.85	["paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.2. Estimation of EFs in chondrocytes cultured in monolayer"]	subsection_heading	0.85	body_zone	heading_like	heading_numbered	True	True
55	4	9	text	An axisymmetric monolayer culture with a single chondrocyte was simulated (Figure 2A). The chondrocyte, completely attached to the bottom of a 6 well plate, was modelled considering an ellipsoidal mor	[106.0, 1101.0, 606.0, 1293.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
56	4	10	paragraph_title	2.3. Estimation of EFs in hyaline cartilage explants	[108.0, 1328.0, 579.0, 1353.0]	subsection_heading	0.85	["paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.3. Estimation of EFs in hyaline cartilage explants"]	subsection_heading	0.85	body_zone	heading_like	heading_numbered	True	True
57	4	11	text	The cartilage explant, cultured in a 6 well plate, was simulated as an axisymmetric model (Figure 2B). The explant was composed by two specialized tissues: the bone (diaphysis) and the cartilage (epip	[107.0, 1374.0, 605.0, 1447.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
58	4	12	text	the bone (diaphysis) and the cartilage (epiphysis). The bone dimensions were 3.2 mm of length and 0.5 mm of thickness, while the cartilage dimensions were 2.5 mm and 1.5 mm for length and thickness, r	[615.0, 1030.0, 1117.0, 1270.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
59	4	13	paragraph_title	2.4. Estimation of EFs in chondrogenic scaffolds	[618.0, 1306.0, 1060.0, 1329.0]	subsection_heading	0.85	["paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.4. Estimation of EFs in chondrogenic scaffolds"]	subsection_heading	0.85	body_zone	heading_like	heading_numbered	True	True
60	4	14	text	The chondrogenic scaffold, cultured in a 48 well plate, was simulated as an axisymmetric model (Figure 2C). The chondrogenic scaffold was composed by a mixture of two biocompatible polymers: hyaluroni	[616.0, 1351.0, 1116.0, 1447.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
61	4	15	footer	Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas - Facultad tecnológica	[594.0, 1478.0, 1114.0, 1498.0]	noise	0.9	["footer label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
62	5	0	header	THE EFFECT OF FREQUENCY IN THE ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF CHONDROCYTES	[109.0, 96.0, 640.0, 114.0]	noise	0.9	["header label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
63	5	1	number	10	[1092.0, 100.0, 1113.0, 115.0]	noise	0.9	["page number label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	short_fragment	False	False
64	5	2	text	and gelatin. The scaffold was simulated as a drop with a radius of 3.5 mm with chondrocytes of 10 $ \mu $m located at the bottom, middle and upper surface of the three-dimensional construct (Figure 2	[107.0, 145.0, 607.0, 313.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
65	5	3	text	Figure 2: Meshes of the three different culture systems simulated in the study. A) Culture system used to stimulate a single chondrocyte cultured in monolayer. B) Culture system implemented to stimula	[108.0, 355.0, 606.0, 525.0]	body_paragraph	0.9	["figure caption candidate (body narrative): Figure 2: Meshes of the three different culture systems simu"]	figure_caption_candidate	0.9	display_zone	legend_like	figure_number	True	True
66	5	4	image		[116.0, 541.0, 596.0, 1069.0]	figure_asset	0.85	["media label: image"]	media_asset	0.85	body_zone	unknown_like	empty	True	True
67	5	5	figure_title	Source: own	[302.0, 1081.0, 414.0, 1103.0]	figure_caption	0.85	["figure_title label: Source: own"]	figure_caption	0.85	body_zone	body_like	short_fragment	True	True
68	5	6	paragraph_title	2.5. Model implementation	[109.0, 1138.0, 365.0, 1163.0]	subsection_heading	0.85	["paragraph_title label with numbering: 2.5. Model implementation"]	subsection_heading	0.85	body_zone	heading_like	heading_numbered	True	True
69	5	7	text	The procedures to simulate the effect generated by EF's on a single cell, a cartilage explant and a scaffold are described in figure 3. First, an axisymmetric model was selected to represent the domai	[107.0, 1182.0, 606.0, 1448.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
70	5	8	text	temperature and pressure, were assigned within the model. Once the domains were restricted, the material properties ϵ and σ were defined for each component of the model. Then, the equation for EFs was	[616.0, 145.0, 1116.0, 360.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
71	5	9	figure_title	Figure 3: Flowchart of the computational model implementation.	[616.0, 397.0, 1115.0, 446.0]	figure_caption	0.92	["figure_title label: Figure 3: Flowchart of the computational model implementatio"]	figure_caption	0.92	display_zone	legend_like	figure_number	True	True
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73	5	11	paragraph_title	3. Results	[619.0, 1144.0, 742.0, 1168.0]	section_heading	0.85	["paragraph_title label with numbering: 3. Results"]	section_heading	0.85	body_zone	heading_like	heading_numbered	True	True
74	5	12	paragraph_title	3.1. EFs distribution in monolayer cultures	[618.0, 1188.0, 1016.0, 1212.0]	subsection_heading	0.85	["paragraph_title label with numbering: 3.1. EFs distribution in monolayer cultures"]	subsection_heading	0.85	body_zone	heading_like	heading_numbered	True	True
75	5	13	text	The flow of the EFs through the monolayer cell culture system is completely homogeneous, specially within the chondrocytes and the cell culture media where the cells were attached (Figure 4A). Results	[616.0, 1231.0, 1117.0, 1448.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
76	5	14	footer	Visión Electrónica Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020) • January • p.p. 6-18 • ISSN 1909-9746 • ISSN-E 2248-4728 • Bogotá (Colombia)	[110.0, 1478.0, 1040.0, 1499.0]	noise	0.9	["footer label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
77	6	0	number	11	[110.0, 100.0, 132.0, 115.0]	noise	0.9	["page number label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	short_fragment	False	False
78	6	1	header	J. J. VACA-GONZÁLEZ, J. F. ESCOBAR-HUERTAS AND D. A. GARZÓN-ALVARADO	[590.0, 95.0, 1115.0, 113.0]	noise	0.9	["header label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
79	6	2	text	the culture media (Figure 4B). Regarding the EFs in the cytoplasm of the chondrocyte, EFs of 0.02 mV/cm for 1 kHz were observed, while EFs of 1.9 mV/cm for 100 kHz were perceived (Figure 4C). Finally,	[106.0, 145.0, 607.0, 384.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
80	6	3	paragraph_title	3.2. EFs distribution in cartilage explants	[109.0, 413.0, 495.0, 437.0]	subsection_heading	0.85	["paragraph_title label with numbering: 3.2. EFs distribution in cartilage explants"]	subsection_heading	0.85	body_zone	heading_like	heading_numbered	True	True
81	6	4	text	A heterogeneous EF distribution was observed inside the explant (Figure 5A). Results evidenced an increase of EFs in stimulated explants as the frequency was higher; in fact, the EFs inside the cultur	[106.0, 457.0, 607.0, 699.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
82	6	5	text	were evidenced at the base of the bone. The EFs in the middle of the bone were 3 mV/cm for1 kHz and 11.8 mV/cm for 100 kHz. The EFs near the ossification front were 3.9 mV/cm for 1 kHz and EFs 21 mV/cm	[614.0, 145.0, 1118.0, 671.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
83	6	6	figure_title	Figure 4: Distribution of EFs in a chondrocyte cultured in monolayer. A) Electric flow diagram inside the culture well plate (measurement in mV/cm). B) Distribution of EFs inside the culture media. C)	[107.0, 733.0, 1114.0, 808.0]	figure_caption	0.92	["figure_title label: Figure 4: Distribution of EFs in a chondrocyte cultured in m"]	figure_caption	0.92	display_zone	legend_like	figure_number	True	True
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89	6	12	footer	Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas - Facultad tecnológica	[594.0, 1477.0, 1115.0, 1498.0]	noise	0.9	["footer label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
90	7	0	header	THE EFFECT OF FREQUENCY IN THE ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF CHONDROCYTES	[109.0, 96.0, 641.0, 114.0]	noise	0.9	["header label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
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92	7	2	figure_title	Figure 5: Distribution of EFs in cartilage explant cultured in vitro. A) Electric flow diagram inside the culture well plate and around the explant (measurement in mV/cm). B) Distribution of EFs insid	[107.0, 160.0, 1114.0, 306.0]	figure_caption	0.92	["figure_title label: Figure 5: Distribution of EFs in cartilage explant cultured "]	figure_caption	0.92	display_zone	legend_like	figure_number	True	True
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102	7	12	footer	Visión Electrónica Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020) • January • p.p. 6-18 • ISSN 1909-9746 • ISSN-E 2248-4728 • Bogotá (Colombia)	[110.0, 1477.0, 1040.0, 1499.0]	noise	0.9	["footer label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
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104	8	1	header	J. J. VACA-GONZÁLEZ, J. F. ESCOBAR-HUERTAS AND D. A. GARZÓN-ALVARADO	[590.0, 95.0, 1115.0, 113.0]	noise	0.9	["header label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
105	8	2	paragraph_title	3.3. EFs distribution in scaffolds	[109.0, 144.0, 415.0, 167.0]	subsection_heading	0.85	["paragraph_title label with numbering: 3.3. EFs distribution in scaffolds"]	subsection_heading	0.85	body_zone	heading_like	heading_numbered	True	True
106	8	3	text	A homogeneous EF flow distribution was evidenced inside the chondrogenic scaffold (Figure 6A). Results evidenced that the EFs tend to increase as the frequency was higher. For instance, the EFs in the	[106.0, 186.0, 607.0, 429.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
107	8	4	text	the EFs within the hydrogel when frequencies of 10 Hz and 1 GHz were applied. The EFs were also measured in the cytoplasm of chondrocytes located in three different positions of the scaffold. The EFs in	[614.0, 145.0, 1116.0, 410.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
108	8	5	figure_title	Figure 6: Distribution of EFs in scaffold cultured in vitro. A) Electric flow diagram inside the culture well plate and around the scaffold (measurement in mV/cm). B) Distribution of EFs inside the cu	[107.0, 458.0, 1114.0, 579.0]	figure_caption	0.92	["figure_title label: Figure 6: Distribution of EFs in scaffold cultured in vitro."]	figure_caption	0.92	display_zone	legend_like	figure_number	True	True
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110	8	7	footer	Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas - Facultad tecnológica	[594.0, 1477.0, 1114.0, 1498.0]	noise	0.9	["footer label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
111	9	0	header	THE EFFECT OF FREQUENCY IN THE ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF CHONDROCYTES	[108.0, 96.0, 640.0, 114.0]	noise	0.9	["header label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
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113	9	2	paragraph_title	4. Discussion	[109.0, 144.0, 263.0, 167.0]	section_heading	0.85	["paragraph_title label with numbering: 4. Discussion"]	section_heading	0.85	body_zone	heading_like	heading_numbered	True	True
114	9	3	text	This study presents a computational model that evidences the effects generated by EFs on chondrocytes cultured in three different scenarios: monolayer culture, cartilage explant and chondrogenic scaff	[106.0, 198.0, 608.0, 1133.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
115	9	4	text	Considering the cell membrane as a capacitor, the EF's in this computational model were applied in alternating current (AC). Furthermore, the model considered a variation of the frequencies, because a	[106.0, 1159.0, 607.0, 1449.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
116	9	5	text	Even though the activation of ionic channels of chondrocytes was not modelled, there are reports that have demonstrated that the voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC) are responsible to trigger di	[615.0, 173.0, 1118.0, 752.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
117	9	6	text	Depending on the EFs applied and the stimulation time, the in vitro procedures of chondrocytes cultured in monolayer can be modified in order to increase cell proliferation and molecular synthesis. In	[615.0, 778.0, 1118.0, 1424.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
118	9	7	footer	Visión Electrónica Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020) • January • p.p. 6-18 • ISSN 1909-9746 • ISSN-E 2248-4728 • Bogotá (Colombia)	[110.0, 1477.0, 1040.0, 1499.0]	noise	0.9	["footer label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
119	10	0	number	15	[111.0, 100.0, 132.0, 115.0]	noise	0.9	["page number label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	short_fragment	False	False
120	10	1	header	J. J. VACA-GONZÁLEZ, J. F. ESCOBAR-HUERTAS AND D. A. GARZÓN-ALVARADO	[590.0, 95.0, 1115.0, 113.0]	noise	0.9	["header label"]	noise	0.9	body_zone	body_like	none	False	False
121	10	2	text	On the other hand, the EF intensities inside the cytoplasm of chondrocytes immersed in the native tissue were lower compared with the EFs in the extracellular matrix of the cartilage. In fact, the EFs	[106.0, 145.0, 606.0, 720.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
122	10	3	text	Finally, the electrical stimulation on chondrogenic scaffolds evidenced that the distribution of EFs tends to be higher in an extracellular environment compared with the EFs perceived by the cytoplasm	[107.0, 744.0, 607.0, 1272.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	tail_nonref_hold_zone	body_like	none	True	True
123	10	4	paragraph_title	5. Conclusions	[109.0, 1306.0, 277.0, 1328.0]	section_heading	0.85	["paragraph_title label with numbering: 5. Conclusions"]	section_heading	0.85	tail_nonref_hold_zone	heading_like	heading_numbered	True	True
124	10	5	text	Overall, electrical stimulation has proven to influence the cell dynamics in chondrocytes within a monolayer culture, a cartilage explant and a chondrogenic three-dimensional construct. This control i	[106.0, 1351.0, 605.0, 1447.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	tail_nonref_hold_zone	body_like	none	True	True
125	10	6	text	by combining the appropriate input parameters, such as frequency and voltage. A suitable combination of these factors can provide the desired results, such as the increase in cell population, morpholo	[614.0, 145.0, 1118.0, 696.0]	body_paragraph	0.6	["default body_paragraph for text label"]	body_paragraph	0.6	body_zone	body_like	none	True	True
126	10	7	paragraph_title	References	[619.0, 728.0, 734.0, 752.0]	reference_heading	0.9	["references heading: References"]	reference_heading	0.9	reference_zone	heading_like	short_fragment	True	True
127	10	8	reference_content	[1] A. Bhosale and J. Richardson, “Articular cartilage: Structure, injuries and review of management”, Br. Med. Bull., vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 77-95, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldn025	[621.0, 773.0, 1113.0, 867.0]	reference_item	0.85	["reference content label: [1] A. Bhosale and J. Richardson, \u201cArticular cartilage: Stru"]	reference_item	0.85	reference_zone	reference_like	reference_numeric_bracket	True	True
128	10	9	reference_content	[2] J. Vaca-González, M. Gutiérrez, and D. Garzón-Alvarado, “Cartílago articular: estructura, patologías y campos eléctricos como alternativa terapéutica. Revisión de conceptos actuales”, Rev. Colomb.	[620.0, 886.0, 1116.0, 1055.0]	reference_item	0.85	["reference content label: [2] J. Vaca-Gonz\u00e1lez, M. Guti\u00e9rrez, and D. Garz\u00f3n-Alvarado, "]	reference_item	0.85	reference_zone	reference_like	reference_numeric_bracket	True	True
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133	11	0	header	The effect of frequency in the electrical stimulation of chondrocytes	[109.0, 97.0, 640.0, 113.0]	noise	0.9	["header label"]	noise	0.9		unknown_like	none	False	False
134	11	1	number	16	[1092.0, 101.0, 1113.0, 115.0]	noise	0.9	["page number label"]	noise	0.9		unknown_like	short_fragment	False	False
135	11	2	reference_content	vol. 211, no. 2, pp. 109-121, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-11-0048	[139.0, 146.0, 602.0, 192.0]	reference_item	0.85	["reference content label: vol. 211, no. 2, pp. 109-121, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1530/"]	reference_item	0.85	reference_zone	unknown_like	none	True	True
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140	11	7	reference_content	[10] C. T. Brighton, L. Jensen, S. R. Pollack, B. S. Tolin, and C. C. Clark, “Proliferative and synthetic response of bovine growth plate chondrocytes to various capacitively coupled electrical fields	[112.0, 746.0, 604.0, 888.0]	reference_item	0.85	["reference content label: [10] C. T. Brighton, L. Jensen, S. R. Pollack, B. S. Tolin, "]	reference_item	0.85	reference_zone	reference_like	reference_numeric_bracket	True	True
141	11	8	reference_content	[11] C. Brighton, G. Pfeffer, and S. Pollack, “In vivo growth plate stimulation in various capacitively coupled electrical fields”, J. Orthop. Res., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 42-49, 1983. https://doi.org/10.	[113.0, 908.0, 603.0, 1026.0]	reference_item	0.85	["reference content label: [11] C. Brighton, G. Pfeffer, and S. Pollack, \u201cIn vivo growt"]	reference_item	0.85	reference_zone	reference_like	reference_numeric_bracket	True	True
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148	11	15	reference_content	[18] S. Nakasuji, Y. Morita, and K. Anaka, “Effect of Pulse Electric Field Stimulation on Chondrocytes”, Asian Pacific Conf. Mater. Mech., vol. 1, pp. 13-16, 2009.	[621.0, 569.0, 1115.0, 664.0]	reference_item	0.85	["reference content label: [18] S. Nakasuji, Y. Morita, and K. Anaka, \u201cEffect of Pulse "]	reference_item	0.85	reference_zone	reference_like	reference_numeric_bracket	True	True
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155	12	0	number	17	[111.0, 100.0, 133.0, 115.0]	noise	0.9	["page number label"]	noise	0.9		unknown_like	short_fragment	False	False
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177	12	22	footer	Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas - Facultad tecnológica	[594.0, 1478.0, 1115.0, 1498.0]	noise	0.9	["footer label"]	noise	0.9		unknown_like	none	False	False
178	13	0	header	The effect of frequency in the electrical stimulation of chondrocytes	[109.0, 97.0, 640.0, 113.0]	noise	0.9	["header label"]	noise	0.9		unknown_like	none	False	False
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180	13	2	reference_content	(EMBC), 2019, pp. 6481-6484. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2019.8857760	[141.0, 145.0, 604.0, 190.0]	reference_item	0.85	["reference content label: (EMBC), 2019, pp. 6481-6484. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.20"]	reference_item	0.85	reference_zone	unknown_like	none	True	True
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